Abstract
This chapter discusses why there is no optimal solution for reducing child soldiering, and then analyzes the feasibility of resolving this issue through a “second best” solution, that is, “transnational public–private partnership”. Then, this chapter analyzes the current situation of transnational public–private partnership in Myanmar.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abbott Laboratories (16 July 2012) The Abbott Fund announces $1 million partnership with the secretary’s international fund for women and girls to empower women in Burma. http://www.abbott.com/news-media/press-releases/the-abbott-fund-announces-1-million-partnership-with-the-secretarys-international-fund-for-women-a.htm. Accessed 21 May 2013
Bharadwaj A (2003) Privatization of Security: The Mercenary-Market Mix. Defence Studies, 3(2):64-82
Börzel TA, Risse T (2005) Public-private partnerships: effective and legitimate tools of international governance? In: Grande EPLW (ed) Complex sovereignty: reconstituting political authority in the twenty-first century. University of Toronto Press, Toronto
Breen C (2007) When is a child not a child? Child soldiers in international law. Human Rights Rev 8(2):71–103. doi:10.1007/bf02881667
Burma Medical Association, National Health and Education Committee, Back Pack Health Worker Team (19 October 2010) Diagnosis: critical health and human rights in eastern Burma. http://www.backpackteam.org/wp-content/uploads/reports/Diagnosis%20critical%20-%20Eng%20website%20version.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
Burma News International (10 August 2012) Burma Army’s ‘shoot on sight’ order still in use. http://www.bnionline.net/index.php/news/kic/13515-burma-armys-shoot-on-sight-order-still-in-use.html. Accessed 21 May 2013
Burma News International (2013) Deciphering Myanmar’s peace process: a reference guide 2013. http://bnionline.net/images/2013/pdf/Deciphering-Myanmar%E2%80%99s-Peace-Process-For-Web.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
Campe S, Beisheim M (2008). Transnational water public-private partnerships: explaining their success and failure. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the APSA 2008 Annual Meeting, Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Child Soldiers International (2012) Louder than words: an agenda for action to end state use of child soldiers. http://www.child-soldiers.org/user_uploads/pdf/louderthanwordsseptember20124903558.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers (2008) Child soldiers global report 2008. Bell & Bain, London
Cohn I, Goodwin-Gill GS, Institut H-D (1994) Child soldiers: the role of children in armed conflict. Oxford University Press, New York
Geneva Call (2011) Humanitarian impact of landmines in Burma/Myanmar. http://www.genevacall.org/resources/research/f-research/2001-2010/2011_GC_BURMA_Landmine_RPT_CD-Rom_ENG. Accessed 21 May 2013
Human Rights Education Institute of Burma (2008) Forgotten future: children affected by armed conflict in Burma. Human Rights Education Institute of Burma, Chiang Mai
International Crisis Group (2002) Myanmar: the politics of humanitarian aid. International Crisis Group, Bangkok
IRIN (9 August 2012a) Myanmar: health snapshot. http://www.irinnews.org/Report/96014/MYANMAR-Health-snapshot. Accessed 21 May 2013
IRIN (31 October 2012b) Myanmar: Kachin conflict displaces tens of thousands. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/5097a19d2.html. Accessed 21 May 2013
IRIN (3 April 2013) Myanmar’s landmines hinder return of displaced. http://www.irinnews.org/Report/97768/Myanmar-s-landmines-hinder-return-of-displaced. Accessed 21 May 2013
Kramer T (2012) Ending 50 years of military rule? Prospects for peace, democracy and development in Burma. Norwegian Peacebuilding resource centre (NOREF), Oslo, Norway. http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/e5489347b93b387299ad6e1452aa3a15.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
Kramer T, Woods K (2012) Financing dispossession china’s opium substitution programme in northern Burma. Transnational Institute. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/tni-financing_dispossesion.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
Long WJ (2011) Pandemics and peace: public health cooperation in zones of conflict. U.S. Institute of Peace Press, Washington, D.C
Lwin EET, Myat WM (02 July 2012) UNICEF expects to visit all military sites. The Myanmar Times. http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/528-unicef-expects-to-visit-all-military-sites.html. Accessed 21 May 2013
McLaughlin T (28 January 2013) Kachin release prisoners of war. The Myanmar Times. http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/3928-kachin-release-prisoners-of-war.html. Accessed 21 May 2013
Médecins Sans Frontières (2011) Myanmar: International Activity Report 2011. https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/ar/report.cfm?id=6215&cat=activity-report. Accessed 21 May 2013
Médecins Sans Frontières (2012) MSF international activity report 2011. Medecins Sans Frontieres—International Office, Brussels
Min KY (2 January 2012) Independence day and present duty. The new light of Myanmar. http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs12/NLM2012-01-02.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
Ministry of National Planning and Economic Development and UNICEF (2012) Situation Analysis of Children in Myanmar. http://www.unicef.org/eapro/Myanmar_Situation_Analysis.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
Mizzima News (27 June 2012) Chinese companies back poppy-alternative crops in Burma. http://www.mizzima.com/business/7402-chinese-companies-back-poppy-alternative-crops-in-burma.html. Accessed 21 May 2013
Papagianni K (2011) Political engagement, mediation and the non-governmental sector. In: Wolff S, Yakinthou C ed., Conflict Management in Divided Societies: Theory and Practice, Routledge, London
Pedersen MB (2013) How to promote human rights in the world's most repressive states: lessons from Myanmar. Australian Journal of International Affairs. 67(2):190–202
Peou S (2009) The limits of collaborative action on criminal justice in East Asia. In: Peou S (ed) Human security in East Asia: challenges for collaborative action. Routledge, New York
Perrin B. (2012) Private security companies and humanitarian organisations: implications for international humanitarian law. In: Perrin B (ed) Modern warfare: armed groups, private militaries, humanitarian organizations, and the law. UBC Press, Vancouver
Picard L, Buss T (2009) A fragile balance: re-examining the history of foreign aid, security, and diplomacy. Kumarian Press, Boulder
Pingeot L (2012) Dangerous partnership: private military & security companies and the UN. http://www.globalpolicy.org/images/pdfs/GPF_Dangerous_Partnership_Full_report.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
Radio Free Asia (28 August 2012) Jailed aid staff pardoned. http://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/pardon-08282012151915.html. Accessed 28 Aug 2012
Reich MR (2000) Public-private partnerships for public health. Nat Med 6(6):617–620
Rosen DM (2007) Child soldiers, international humanitarian law, and the globalization of childhood. Am Anthropologist 109(2):296–306. doi:10.1525/aa.2007.109.2.296
Rosen DM (2012) Child soldiers: a reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO
Rosenau W (2009) Corporations and counterinsurgency (Occasional paper, vol OP-259). RAND, Santa Monica
Saha SR (2011) Working through ambiguity: international NGOs in Myanmar. The Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, Harvard University. http://www.hks.harvard.edu/hauser/engage/humanitarianorganizations/research/documents/myanmar_report_final_version_2011_09_08.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
Sarrouh LTE, Boothby N (2011) Protection of Children in Humanitarian Crises. In: Cook DT, Wall J. Children and armed conflict: cross-disciplinary investigations. Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire
Schäferhoff M, Campe S, Kaan C (2009) “Transnational public-private partnerships in international relations: making sense of concepts, research frameworks, and results.” Int Stud Rev 11(3):451–474
Singer PW (2003) Corporate warriors: the rise of the privatized military industry. Cornell University Press, Ithaca
Singer PW (2005) Addressing the global challenge of child soldiers. In: Bryden A, Hänggi H, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (eds) Security governance in post-conflict peace building. LIT, Distributed in North America by Transaction Publishers, Münster
Stover E, BHRC at University of California, Center for Public Health and Human Rights at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (2007) The gathering storm: infectious diseases and human rights in Burma. Human Rights Center, University of California, Berkeley
South A, Perhult M, Carstensen N (2010) Conflict and survival: self-protection in south-east Burma. Asia Programme Paper: ASP PP 2010/04. Chatham House. http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Asia/0910pp_burma.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
The Guardian (27 August 2012) UN staff jailed in Burma. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/aug/27/un-staff-jailed-burma. Accessed 21 May 2013
Transnational Institute (2010) Alternative development or business as usual? http://www.tni.org/sites/www.tni.org/files/download/brief33.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
UN News Centre (26 January 2012) UN official calls on Myanmar to foster private-public partnerships to support reforms. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=41053. Accessed 21 May 2013
UNIECF (6 November 2012) Myanmar launches new vaccine to combine attack on major childhood illnesses. http://www.unicef.org/myanmar/media_19907.html. Accessed 21 May 2013
United Nations (2001) Optional protocols to the convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict and on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. A/RES/54/263. http://www.un-documents.net/a54r263.htm. Accessed 21 May 2013
United Nations (2006) Children and armed conflict. A/61/529-S/2006/826. http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/24900BF9637D07548525726100566BA2. Accessed 21 May 2013
United Nations (2010) Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination. A/65/325. http://psm.du.edu/media/documents/international_regulation/united_nations/human_rights_council_and_ga/wg_on_mercenaries/annual_reports/a-65-325.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
United Nations (2011) Children and armed conflict. A/65/820-S/2011/250. http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/70BF34991DA5D6B08525788E004BA583. Accessed 21 May 2013
United Nations (2012a) Children and armed conflict. A/66/782-S/2012/261. http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6A89029BD14B9B2285257A4B00711127. Accessed 21 May 2013
United Nations (2012b) Myanmar and UN sign landmark plan of action to release children from armed forces. http://www.unicef.org/media/media_65180.html. Accessed 21 May 2013
United Nations (2013) Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2012. http://incb.org/documents/Publications/AnnualReports/AR2012/AR_2012_E.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
US Department of State (2012) Burma: Country Report on Human Rights Practices—2012. http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204190. Accessed 21 May 2013
Uppard S (2003) Child soldiers and children associated with the fighting forces. Med Confl surviv 19(2):121–127. doi:10.1080/13623690308409679
Wessells M (2004) Psychosocial issues in reintegrating child soldiers. Cornell Int Law J 37(3):513–525
Williams MC (2010) The Public, the private and the evolution of security studies. Secur Dialogue 41(6):623–630
World Economic Forum (2005) Building on the Monterrey consensus: the growing role of public-private partnerships in mobilizing resources for development. http://www.weforum.org/pdf/un_final_report.pdf. Accessed 21 May 2013
Zacher MWKTJ (2008) The politics of global health governance: united by contagion. Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chen, K. (2014). Transnational Public–Private Partnership: A “Second Best” Solution for Reducing Child Soldiering. In: Comparative Study of Child Soldiering on Myanmar-China Border. SpringerBriefs in Criminology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-02-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-02-3_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-4560-01-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-4560-02-3
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)