Skip to main content

Globalizing Teachers: Policy and Theoretical Dimensions

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Global Teachers, Australian Perspectives

Abstract

This chapter reviews the international literature on global teachers in countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States of America, China, South Africa, New Zealand, and Pacific Islands and introduces key points of theoretical departure for the study of global teachers. It outlines the methodology underlying the Australian fieldwork with global teachers that is the heart of this book. The book draws on two intersecting literatures: that of education and migration. Global teachers are part of the increasing global mobility of professionals in what Castles and Miller (2009) call the ‘Age of Migration’, and part of the phenomenon of circular migration. Education is increasingly embedded within the neoliberal construct of marketization. This international mobility of teachers is embedded in their transnational social networks. Key theoretical points of departure are Bourdieu’s concept of capital reconversion and cultural capital; Miles’s concept of ‘racialization’ and Connell’s concept of Southern theory.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abramova, I. (2011). Russian-speaking immigrant teachers’ beliefs about their teaching roles. Purdue University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-e-Ahmad J. (1962). Occidentosis: A Plague from the West. Private Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, P., & Guo, S. (2009). Governing through non/recognition: The missing ‘R’ in the PLAR for immigrant professionals in Canada and Sweden. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 28(4), 423–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization (Public worlds, Vol. 1). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Assessment for Migration. (2012). Notice of changes to the AITSL assessment for migration English language criteria effective from 1 January 2013. Kingston, ACT: Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S. J. (2012). Global Education Inc: New policy networks and the neo-liberal imaginary. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bascia, N. (1996). Inside and outside: Minority immigrant teachers in Canadian schools. Qualitative Studies in Education, 9(2), 151–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basit, T. N., & McNamara, O. (2004). Equal opportunities or affirmative action? The induction of minority ethnic teachers. Journal of Education for Teaching, 30(2), 97–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bella, M. (1999). A new beginning: Overseas teachers and the Queensland education context. Queensland: Board of Teacher Registration and Multicultural Affairs Queensland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beynon, J., Ilieva, R., & Dichupa, M. (2004). Re-credentialling experiences of immigrant teachers: Negotiating institutional structures, professional identities and pedagogy. Teachers and Teaching, 10(4), 429–444. doi:10.1080/1354060042000224160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birrell, B., Dobson, I. R., Rapson, V., & Smith, T. F. (2001). Skilled labour gains and losses. Melbourne: Centre for Population and Urban Research, Monash University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boltanski, L., & Chiapello, E. (2005). The new spirit of capitalism. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 18(3–4), 161–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Oxfordshire: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1990). Structures, habitus, practices. In The logic of practice (pp. 52–79). Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1998). Practical reason: On the theory of action. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. (2008). Teacher migration impact: A review in the context of quality education provision and teacher training in higher education in Southern Africa. South African Journal of Higher Education, 22(2), 282–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castles, S., & Miller, M. J. (2009). The age of migration: Population movements in the modern world. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chassells, C. (2010). Participation of internationally-educated professionals in an initial teacher education bachelor of education degree program: Challenges and supports. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy: Special Issue on Educational Policy and Internationally Educated Teachers, (100), 39, February 16, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho, C. L. (2010). “Qualifying” as teacher: Immigrant teacher candidates’ counter-stories. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy: Special Issue on Educational Policy and Internationally Educated Teachers, 100, 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J. (2008). Globalisation, immigration and the second long post-war boom in Australia. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 61, 244–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commonwealth Secretariat (2004) Commonwealth Teacher Recruitment Protocol, United Kingdom. http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/GFSR.asp?NodeID=39311.

  • Conceison, C. (2004). Significant other: Staging the American in China. Honolulu: University of Hawai Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. W. (1985). Teachers’ work. Sydney: George Allen & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. (2011). Confronting equality: Gender, knowledge and global change. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. (2007). Southern theory: The global dynamics of knowledge in social science. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruickshank, K. (2004). Towards diversity in teacher education: Teacher preparation of immigrant teachers. European Journal of Teacher Education, 27(2), 125–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Villiers, R. (2007). Migration from developing countries: The case of South African Teachers to the United Kingdom. Perspectives in Education, 25(2), 67–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Degazon-Johnson, R. (2008). Ethical recruitment standards: The case of the commonwealth teacher recruitment protocol. Paper presented at the American Federation of Teachers Migration Forum, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST). (2003). Australia’s teachers: Australia’s future – Advancing innovation, science, technology and Mathematics. Canberra: Committee for the Review of Teaching and Teacher Education, Commonwealth of Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). (2012). Australia in the Asian Century: White Paper. Australian Government. http://asiancentury.dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/white-paper/australia-in-the-asian-century-white-paper.pdf. Accessed 28 Oct 2012.

  • Dewar, S., & Visser, H. (2000). Overseas teachers teaching in New Zealand schools. Research report series (New Zealand. Ministry of Education. Research Unit) no. 10. Wellington: Research Unit, Ministry of Education. (Vol. Accessed from http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn620300).

  • Elbaz-Luwisch, F. (2004). Immigrant teachers: Stories of self and place. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 17(3), 387–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faez, F. (2010). Linguistic and cultural adaptation of internationally educated teacher candidates. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy: Special Issue on Educational Policy and Internationally Educated Teachers, 100, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fee, J. F. (2011). Latino immigrant and guest bilingual teachers: Overcoming personal, professional, and academic culture shock. Urban Education, 46(3), 390–407. doi:10.1177/0042085910377447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Firkin, P., Dupnis, A., & Meares, C. (2004). Summary report: The experiences of professional migrants working in New Zealand: A biographical-narrative approach. Working Paper No. 13. New Zealand: Labour Market Dynamic Research Programme, Massey University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilroy, P. (2005). A new cosmopolitanism. Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, 7(3), 6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldin, I., Cameron, G., & Balarajan, M. (2011). Exceptional people: How migration shaped our world and will define our future. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, J. (2004). Teacher shortages, bilingual teachers and the mobility of trans-national knowledge workers. Melbourne Studies in Education, 45(2), 99–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (2012). Professional capital: Transforming teaching in every school. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickling-Hudson, A. (2009). South theory and postcolonial education. In R. S. Coloma (Ed.), Postcolonial challenges in education (pp. 365–374). New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirchman, C., & Massey, D. S. (2010). Places and peoples: The new American Mosaic. In D. S. Massey (Ed.), New faces in new places: The changing geography of American immigration (pp. 1–21). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hugo, G. (2003). Circular migration: keeping development rolling? http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=129. Accessed 6 Dec 2010.

  • Hugo, G., Rudd, D., & Harris, K. (2003). Australia’s diaspora: Its size, nature and policy implications. Canberra: Committee on the Economic Development of Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglis, C., & Philips, R. (1995). Teachers in the sun: The impact of immigrant teachers on the labour force. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, C. (2002). Achieving desire: Narrative of a black male teacher. Qualitative Studies in Education, 15(2), 171–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamler, B., Reid, J., & Santoro, N. (1999). Who’s asking the questions? Researching race, ethnicity and teachers. The Australian Educational Researcher, 26(1), 55–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J., & Cui, D. (2010). A historical exploration of internationally educated teachers: Jamaican teachers in 1960s Alberta. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy: Special Issue on Educational Policy and Internationally Educated Teachers, 100, 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacBeath, J. (2012). Future of teaching profession. Brussells: Education International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, M. (2010). Towards a sociology of the global teacher. In S. J. Ball, M. W. Apple, & L. A. Gandin (Eds.), The Routledge international handbook of sociology of education (pp. 58–68). Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Man, G. (2004). Gender, work and migration: Deskilling chinese immigrant women in Canada. Women’s Studies International Forum, 27(2), 135–148. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2004.06.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manik, S. (2007). To greener pastures: Transnational teacher migration from South Africa. Perspectives in Education, 25(2), 55–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manik, S. (2009). Perspectives and perplexities regarding transnational teacher migration between South Africa and the United Kingdom. In J. Fegan & M. H. Field (Eds.), Education across borders: Politics, policy and legislative action (pp. 149–161). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marr, D. (2011). Panic. Collingwood: Black Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNamara, O., & Lewis, S. (2008). The recruitment of overseas trained teachers. Birmingham: National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNamara, O., Lewis, S., & Howson, J. (2007). ‘Turning the tap on and off’: The recruitment of overseas trained teachers to the United Kingdom. Perspectives in Education, 25(2), 40–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michels, C. (2012). Petition for the review of the PEAST test: To the Honourable Speaker of the House and Members of the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales. http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/la/latabdoc.nsf/0/7DCD122449BFBAE8CA257A100017D3C1.

  • Miles, R. (1993). Racism after ‘race relations’. London\New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P. (2007). ‘Brain gain’ in England: How overseas trained teachers have enriched and sustained English education. Perspectives in Education, 25(2), 25–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P. (2008). Overseas trained teachers in England: A policy framework for social and professional integration. Policy Futures in Education, 6(3), 280–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P., Ochs, K., & Mulvaney, G. (2008). International teacher migration and the commonwealth teacher recruitment protocol: Assessing its impact and the implementation process in the United Kingdom. European Education, 40(3), 89–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milner, H. R. (2008). Critical race theory and interest convergence as analytic tools in teacher education policies and practices. Journal of Teacher Education, 59(4), 332–346. doi:10.1177/0022487108321884.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myles, J., Cheng, L., & Wang, H. (2006). Teaching in elementary school: Perceptions of foreign trained teacher candidates on the teaching practicum. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22(2), 233–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers (NASUWT). (2009). Overseas trained teachers. http://www.nasuwt.org.uk/MemberSupport/TeacherGroups/OverseasTrainedTeacher/NASUWT_000682. Accessed 19 Aug 2009.

  • Ochs, K., & Jackson, P. L. (2009). Review of the implementation of the commonwealth teacher recruitment protocol. London: Commonwealth Secretariat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamura, Y., & Miller, J. (2010). Career development strategies for Japanese immigrant teachers. Australian Journal of Career Development, 19(3), 33–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2003). Country Fact Sheets. In 28th Session of the Public Management Committee, 13–14 November 2003. Chateau de la Muette, Paris. Public Management Committee.

    Google Scholar 

  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2012). Settling in: OECD indicators of immigrant integration 2012. Paris: OECD Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peeler, E., & Jane, B. (2005). Mentoring: Immigrant teachers bridging professional practices. Teaching Education, 16(4), 325–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillion, J. (2003). Obstracles to accessing the teaching profession for immigrant women. Multicultural Education, 11(1), 41–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piccoli, A. (2012). Letter to Ms Ronda Miller, Clerk of the Legislative Assembly, Office of the Clerk, Parliament House … in response to a petition lodged by the Hon Richard Torbay MP, Member for Northern Tablelands regarding the Professional English Assessment for Teachers (PEAT). http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/la/latabdoc.nsf/0/7DCD122449BFBAE8CA257A100017D3C1.

  • Pollock, K. (2010). Marginalization and the occasional teacher workforce in Ontario: The case of Internationally Educated Teachers (IETs). Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 100, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragnarsdóttir, H. (2010). Internationally educated teachers and student teachers in Iceland: Two qualitative studies. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 100, 1–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramsey, G. (2000). Report of the review of teacher education. Sydney: Department of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, C. (2005). Global teachers with globite cases. Australian Journal of Education, 49(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizvi, F. (2009). Postcolonialism and globalization in education. In R. S. Coloma (Ed.), Postcolonial challenges in education (Studies in the postmodern theory of education, Vol. 369). New York: Peter Lang Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, R. (1995). Glocalization: Time-space and homogeneity-heterogeneity. In S. Lash, R. Robertson, & M. Featherstone (Eds.), Global modernities (pp. 25–44). London: SAGE Publications.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, S. L. (2012). ‘Placing’ teachers in global governance agendas. Comparative Education Review, 56(3), 584–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahlberg, P. (2004). Teaching and globalization. Managing Global Transitions, 2(1), 65–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Said, E. W. (1979). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Said, E. W. (1993). Culture and imperialism. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santoro, N. (1997). The construction of student teacher identity: An analysis of school practicum discourse. Asia Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 25(1), 91–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santoro, N. (1999). Relationships of power: An analysis of school practicum discourse. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 20(1), 31–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santoro, N. (2007). ‘Outsiders’ and ‘others’: ‘Different’ teachers teaching in culturally diverse classrooms. Teachers and Teaching, 13(1), 81–97. doi:10.1080/13540600601106104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, C. (2010a). Moving from the personal to the political in IET scolarship. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy: Special Issue on Educational Policy and Internationally Educated Teachers, 100, 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, C. (2010b). Systemic discrimination as a barrier for immigrant teachers. Diaspora, Indigenous & Minority Education, 4(4), 235–252. doi:10.1080/15595692.2010.513246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, C., & Block, L. A. (2010). Without and within: The implications of employment and ethnocultural equity policies for internationally educated teachers. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 100, 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M. (2010). Connecting intellectual projects in China and Australia: Bradley’s international student-migrants, Bourdieu and productive ignorance. Australian Journal of Education, 54(1), 31–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M. (2011). Learning from China to internationalise Australian research education: Pedagogies of intellectual equality and ‘optimal ignorance’ of ERA journal rankings. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 48(4), 355–365. doi:10.1080/14703297.2011.617090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M. (2012). Worldly critical theorizing in Euro-American centered teacher education? Preparing bilingual teacher-researcher theorists for the twenty first century. In X. Zhu Xudong & K. Zeichner (Eds.), Global Teacher Education. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M., & Huang, X. (2012). Bourdieu’s lessons for internationalising Anglophone education: Declassifying Sino-Anglo divisions over critical theorising. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 1–21. doi:10.1080/03057925.2012.687128.

  • Singh, M., & Meng, H. (2011). Democratising western research using non-western theories: Rancière and mute Chinese theoretical tools. Studies in Higher Education, 1–14. doi:10.1080/03075079.2011.607493.

  • Singh, M., & Scanlon, C. (2003). Managing risks and opportunities in multilingual knowledge economies: The possibilities of ethical investment movement to sustaining bio-linguistic diversity. 3L Journal of Language Teaching, Linguistics & Literature, 8, 8–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, P. (2011). Performing foreigners: Attributed and appropriated roles and identities of Westerners teaching English in Shanghai. In M. Lobo, V. Marotta, & N. Oke (Eds.), Intercultural relations in a global world (p. 231). Champaign: Common Ground.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, P. (2012). A critical ethnography of ‘Westerners’ teaching English in China: Shanghaied in Shanghai. London: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (1951). Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. Geneva: Switzerland. http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.html.

  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (1967). Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. Geneva: Switzerland. http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.html.

  • Urry, J. (2003). Social networks, travel and talk. The British Journal of Sociology, 54(2), 155–175. doi:10.1080/0007131032000080185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valenta, M. (2009). ‘Who wants to be a travelling teacher?’ Bilingual teachers and weak forms of bilingual education: The Norwegian experience. European Journal of Education, 32(1), 21–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vertovec, S. (2007). Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(6), 1024–1054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vohra, V. (2005). From transition to professional integration : Indian immigrant teachers in New Zealand primary schools. M.Ed. Thesis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voigt-Graf, C., Iredale, R., & Khoo, S. -E. (2009). Teacher mobility in the Pacific Region: Cook Islands, Fiji and Vanuatu & Australia and New Zealand. http://www.apmrn.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/publications/Teacher_mobility_ARC_Report_20091.pdf.

  • Vongalis-Macrow, A. (2008). Deployed to deliver : Teachers in globalised education systems/Athena Vongalis-Macrow. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. (Vol. Accessed from http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn4601639).

  • Yosso, T. J. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 69–91. doi:10.1080/1361332052000341006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., & Cheng, L. (2006). Challenges and opportunities: The experience of foreign trained immigrant teachers in their teaching practicum in Ontario elementary schools. In D. Zinga (Ed.), Navigating multiculturalism, negotiating change (pp. 175–195). Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Reid, C., Collins, J., Singh, M. (2014). Globalizing Teachers: Policy and Theoretical Dimensions. In: Global Teachers, Australian Perspectives. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-36-9_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics