Skip to main content

An Overview on Toxicity, Detection, and Removal of Chromium in Water and WasteWater

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Water Pollution Monitoring and Control

Abstract

The inorganic pollutants especially toxic metals in excess quantity deteriorate the quality of water. In current climatic conditions, the quality of water has become a serious issue to our society due to increase in anthropogenic as well as natural activities. Moreover, the amount of chromium in water resources has increased not only in most of the places in India but also abroad. Consequently, the toxic nature of chromium including its occurrence, geochemistry, detection, and removal techniques from water and wastewater have been studied in the present paper. The paper also describes the chemical nature of various forms of chromium.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdolmohammad-Zadeh H, Sadeghi GH (2012) A nano-structured material for reliable speciation of chromium and manganese in drinking waters, surface waters and industrial wastewater effluents. Talanta 94:201–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agrafioti E, Kalderis D, Diamadopoulos E (2014) Arsenic and chromium removal from water using biochars derived from rice husk, organic solid wastes and sewage sludge. J Environ Manage 133:309–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atieh MA (2011) Removal of Chromium (VI) from polluted water using carbon nanotubes supported with activated carbon. Procedia Environ Sci 4:281–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ATSDR (2012) Toxicological profile for chromium. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services

    Google Scholar 

  • AWWA (American Water Works Association) (2013) Chromium in drinking water: a technical information primer. American Water Works Association (AWWA), Denver, Colorado

    Google Scholar 

  • B’Hymer C, Brisbin JA, Sutton KL, Caruso JA (2000) New approaches for elemental speciation using plasma mass spectrometry. Am Lab 32:17–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Background Technical Information for Hexavalent Chromium (Cr‐6) (2015) Water research foundation

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahadir Z, Bulut VN, Hidalgo M, Soylak M, Marguí E (2015) Determination of trace amounts of hexavalent chromium in drinking waters by dispersive microsolid-phase extraction using modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes combined with total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta Part B: At Spectrosc 107:170–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beaumont JJ, Sedman RM, Reynolds SD, Sherman CD, Li L, Howd RA, Sandy MS, Zeise L, Alexeeff GV (2008) Cancer mortality in a Chinese population exposed to hexavalent chromium in drinking water. Epidemiology 19(1):12e23

    Google Scholar 

  • Beller HR, Yang L, Varadharajan C, Ruyang H, Lim HC, Karaoz U, Molins S, Marcus MA, Brodie AL, Steefel CI, Nico PS (2014) Divergent aquifer biogeochemical systems converge on similar and unexpected Cr(VI) reduction products. Environ Sci Technol 48(18):10699e10706

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhaumik M, Setshedi K, Maity A, Onyango MS (2013) Chromium (VI) removal from water using fixed bed column of polypyrrole/Fe3O4 nanocomposite. Sep Purif Technol 110:11–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campos J, Martinez-Pacheco M, Cervantes C (1995) Hexavalent-chromium reduction by a chromate-resistant Bacillus sp. strain. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 68(3):203–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Catalani S, Fostinelli J, Enrica Gilberti M, Apostoli P (2015) Application of a metal free high performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP-MS) for the determination of chromium species in drinking and tap water. Int J Mass Spectrom 387:31–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charlet L, Manceau AA (1992) X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of the sorption of Cr(III) at the oxide-water interface, II. Adsorption, coprecipitation, and surface precipitation on hydrous ferric oxide. J Colloid Interface Sci 148(2):443e458

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury S, Jafar Mazumder MA, Al-Attas O, Husain T (2016) Heavy metals in drinking water: occurrences, implications, and future needs in developing countries. Sci Total Environ 569–570:476–488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daugherty ML (1992) Toxicity summary for chromium. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Chemical Hazard Evaluation and Communication Group, Oak Ridge, TN

    Google Scholar 

  • Eary LE, Rai D (1987) Kinetics of Chromium (III) oxidation to chromium (VI) by reaction with manganese dioxide. Environ Sci Technol 21:1187e1193

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebdon L, Pitts L, Cornelis R, Crews H, Donard OFX, Quevauviller P (2001) Trace element speciation for environment, food and health. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Guha H, Saiers JE, Brooks S, Jardine P, Jayachandran, K (2000) Chromium transport, oxidation, and adsorption in manganese-coated sand. Contam Hydrol 49(1e2):311e334

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta VK, Ali I (2004) Removal of lead and chromium from wastewater using bagasse fly ash—a sugar industry waste. J Colloid Interface Sci 271(2):321–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta VK, Nayak A, Agarwal S, Dobhal R, Uniyal DP, Singh P, Sharma B, Tyagi S, Singh R (2012) Arsenic speciation analysis and remediation techniques in drinking water. Desal Water Treat 40(1–3):231–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hackbarth FV, Maass D, de Souza AAU, Vilar VJP, de Souza SMAG (2016) Removal of hexavalent chromium from electroplating wastewaters using marine macroalga Pelvetia canaliculata as natural electron donor. Chem Eng J, 290:477–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Harijan DKL, Chandra V (2016) Polyaniline functionalized graphene sheets for treatment of toxic hexavalent chromium. J Environ Chem Eng 4(3):3006–3012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hem JD (1959) Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water, 1st edn. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply, Paper 1473, 269 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) (2012) IARC Monographs (Volume 100C‐9): a review of human carcinogens: arsenic, metals, fibres, and dusts: chromium (VI) compounds. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaprara E, Kazakis N, Simeonidis K, Coles S, Zouboulis AI, Samaras P, Mitrakas M (2015) Occurrence of Cr(VI) in drinking water of Greece and relation to the geological background. J Hazard Mater 281:2–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khambhaty Y, Mody K, Basha S et al (2009) Kinetics equilibrium and thermodynamic studies on biosorption of hexavalent chromium by dead fungal biomass of marine Aspergillus niger. Chem Eng J 145:489–495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korngold E, Belayev N, Aronov L (2003) Removal of chromates from drinking water by anion exchangers. Sep Purif Technol 33(2):179–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotas J, Stasicka Z (2000) Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation. Environ Pollut 107(3):263e283

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumari M, Pittman CU Jr, Mohan D (2015) Heavy metals [chromium (VI) and lead (II)] removal from water using mesoporous magnetite (Fe3O4) nanospheres. J Colloid Interface Sci 442:120–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee DC, Park CJ, Yang JE et al (2000) Screening of hexavalent chromium biosorbent from marine Algae. Applied Microbio Biotech 54:597–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer LM, Schick LL (1981) Removal of hexavalent chromium from estuarine waters by model substrates and natural sediments. Environ Sci Technol 15(12):1482e1484

    Google Scholar 

  • Montes-Bayon M, DeNicola K, Caruso JA (2003) Liquid chromatography: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1000:457–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Motzer WE (2005) In: Guertin J, Jacobs JA, Avakian CP (eds) Chemistry, geochemistry, and geology of chromium and chromium compound, Chromium (VI) Handbook, 784 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Nourbaksh M, Sag Y, Ozer Z et al (1994) A comparative study of various biosorbents for removal Chromium (VI) ions from industrial wastewaters. Proce Biochem 29:1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nriagu JO, Niebor E (1988) Chromium in the natural and human environments. Wiley, New York, 571 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez E, Ayele L, Getachew G, Fetter G, Bosch P, Mayoral A, Díaz I (2015) Removal of chromium (VI) using nano-hydrotalcite/SiO2 composite. J Environ Chem Eng 3(3):1555–1561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perlmutter NM, Liber M, Frauenthal HL (1963) Movement of waterborne cadmium and hexavalent chromium wastes in South Farmingdale, Nassua County, Long Island. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 475C, pp C170eC184

    Google Scholar 

  • Rai D, Zachara JM (1984) Chemical attenuation rates, coefficients, and constants in Leachate migration: volume 1: a critical review. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA. EA-3336, vol 1, Research Project 2198e1, variously paged

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimann C, de Caritat P (1998) Chemical elements in the environment. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 398 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson FN (1975) Hexavalent chromium in the ground water, in Paradise Valley, Arizona. Ground Water 13(6):516e527

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson FN (1991) Geochemistry of ground water in alluvial basins of Arizona and adjacent parts of Nevada, New Mexico, and California. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1406-C, 90 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadyrbaeva TZ (2016) Removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions using a novel hybrid liquid membrane—electrodialysis process. Chem Eng Process 99:183–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder DC, Lee GF (1975) Potential transformations of chromium in natural waters. Water Air Soil Pollut 4:355e365

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedman RM, Beaumont J, McDonald TA, Reynolds S, Krowech G, Howd R (2006a) Review of the evidence regarding carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium in drinking water. J Environ Sci Health Part C 24(1):155e182

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedman RM, Beaumont J, McDonald TA, Reynolds S, Krowech G, Howd R (2006b) Review of the evidence regarding the carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium in drinking water. J Environ Sci Health Part C, Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol 24:155–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selvi K, Pattabhi S, Kadirvelu K (2001) Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated carbon. Biores Technol 80(1):87–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silva B, Figueiredo H, Neves IC et al (2009) The role of pH on Cr(VI) reduction and removal by Arthrobacter viscosus. Int J Chem Bio Eng 2:100–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Status of Trace and Toxic Metals in Indian Rivers (2014) River Data Directorate, Planning & Development Organisation, Central Water Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Stergioudi F, Kaprara E, Simeonidis K, Sagris D, Mitrakas M, Vourlias G, Michailidis, N (2015) Copper foams in water treatment technology: removal of hexavalent chromium. Mater Des 87:287–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Ure AM (1990) Trace elements in soil: their determination and speciation. Fresenius J Anal Chem 337:567–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2008) Addressing chromium contamination in the San Fernando Valley. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9, San Francisco, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (World Health Organization) (2011) Guidelines for drinking‐water quality, 4th edn. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang L, You-zhao H, Wu-er G, Li Min, Qi-shu Q, Xiang-qin L (2001) Determination of chromium (VI) and lead(II) in drinking water by electrokinetic flow analysis system and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 55(2):271–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yue Z, Bender SE, Wang J, Economy J (2009) Removal of chromium Cr(VI) by low-cost chemically activated carbon materials from water. J Hazard Mater 166(1):74–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ziagova M, Dimitriadis G, Aslanidou D et al (2007) Comparative study of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) biosorption on Staphylococcus xylosus and Pseudomonas Sp. In single and binary mixtures. Bio Resour Techn 98:2859–2865

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to GBPIHED, Kosi Katarmal, Almora for the support to complete this work and also thankful to the Director USERC for providing the necessary facilities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bhavtosh Sharma .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Sharma, B., Singh, P. (2020). An Overview on Toxicity, Detection, and Removal of Chromium in Water and WasteWater. In: Siddiqui, N., Tauseef, S., Dobhal, R. (eds) Advances in Water Pollution Monitoring and Control. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9956-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9956-6_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-32-9955-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-32-9956-6

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics