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Environmental and Human Exposure to Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan: A Review

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Abstract

Triclosan, commonly found in the ingredient list of several household and personal care products, exploded onto the market because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Triclosan was introduced in the market owing to its antibacterial and antifungal properties but has now become a ubiquitous pollutant. Excessive use of triclosan has resulted in its presence not only in the environment but in the human body as well. The different mechanisms by which triclosan acts include efflux mechanisms, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, and membrane destabilization. The major source of triclosan pollution in the environment is through wastewater. There are growing concerns regarding the possible harmful effects of triclosan on animal and human health. Triclosan, a known endocrine disruptor, has been reported to be a potent carcinogen, mutagen, and a teratogen. It is feared that its overuse may contribute to the growth of super-resistant bacteria. By the virtue of being similar in its mode of action to various antibiotics, it might confer antibiotic resistance among different bacterial species. This review article aims to present an overview of the advanced research on triclosan, primarily focusing on its toxicity and environmental persistence. It also highlights the potential hazards of triclosan including its link to developing cross-resistance. Keeping in view the limitation of the present knowledge base, future research directions have also been highlighted.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are highly thankful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (Scheme no. 24(0340)/16/EMR-II) for providing us with the financial assistance for the work, and we also acknowledge Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, for providing us with the infrastructure to carry out our work.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Rekha Kumari & Shashwati Ghosh Sachan

  2. Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Ashish Sachan

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  1. Rekha Kumari
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  2. Shashwati Ghosh Sachan
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  3. Ashish Sachan
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Correspondence to Ashish Sachan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Manoj Kumar

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India

    Annamalai Muthusamy

  3. Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Vivek Kumar

  4. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Neera Bhalla-Sarin

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Kumari, R., Sachan, S.G., Sachan, A. (2019). Environmental and Human Exposure to Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan: A Review. In: Kumar, M., Muthusamy, A., Kumar, V., Bhalla-Sarin, N. (eds) In vitro Plant Breeding towards Novel Agronomic Traits. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9824-8_13

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