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Rhizoremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A Task Force of Plants and Microbes

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Phyto and Rhizo Remediation

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 9))

Abstract

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of more than hundred highly toxic, recalcitrant, and carcinogenic organic compounds, generated after incomplete combustion of organics, and persist in the environment as very noxious pollutants. Generally, several anthropogenic activities often pollute the upper fertile and rhizosphere soil of earth that exerts multiple harmful influences on the ecosystems. The severe contaminations from PAHs cause ill health of soil by the damage of plant, animals, and microorganisms, which may result in imbalance in the ecosystem. Though various physical and chemical methods have been attempted, they were found inappropriate, non-economical, and non-ecofriendly. The rhizoremediation presents itself as a potential approach for the remediation of soil from the PAHs using plant and rhizosphere microbes. The synergistic interaction of plant and existing rhizosphere bacteria has a wonderful role in bioremediation of PAHs, which constitutes rhizoremediation as an excellent and very attractive green technology. Under the integrated rhizoremediation approach of PAHs, plant roots on one side secrete organic exudates, while on the other side, bacteria contribute various enzymes to degrade recalcitrant PAHs into non-toxic forms. Thus, this eco-friendly technology establishes an approach, which not only limits to PAHs but also has a broad spectrum of bioremediation for various other recalcitrant organic pollutants such as chlorinated phenyls, explosives, insecticides, fungicides, etc. In consequence, practical implementation of rhizoremediation at ground level for decontamination of highly polluted sites needs to be promoted. The present chapter emphasizes detailed account on rhizoremediation of PAHs using an integrated approach of plant and microorganisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Naraian, Roshan Lal Gautam & Manish Kumar Gupta

  2. School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Siya Ram

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  1. Ram Naraian
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  2. Roshan Lal Gautam
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  3. Siya Ram
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  4. Manish Kumar Gupta
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, School of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Naveen Kumar Arora

  2. Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Narendra Kumar

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Naraian, R., Gautam, R.L., Ram, S., Gupta, M.K. (2019). Rhizoremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A Task Force of Plants and Microbes. In: Arora, N., Kumar, N. (eds) Phyto and Rhizo Remediation. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 9. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9664-0_8

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