Abstract
Back in 2014, the BRICS created their New Development Bank (NDB), a new multilateral development bank geared to fund sustainable infrastructure in emerging and developing economies. This chapter maps out the key institutional, governance, and lending innovations pragmatically brought by the NDB, while critically locating those innovations in the longue-durée of development finance landscape and the re-emergence of South–South Cooperation. It argues that the Bank has yet to take on the knowledge and political challenges of institutional engineering and experimentation to develop ambitious thinking and robust institutional mechanisms to deal with the economic, social, and environmental development imperatives of financing sustainable infrastructure in the Global South.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Abdenur, Adriana Erthal. 2014. “China and the BRICS Development Bank: Legitimacy and Multilateralism in South–South Cooperation.” IDS Bulletin 45 (4): 85–101.
Abdenur, Adriana Erthal. 2016. “Rising Powers and International Security: The BRICS and the Syrian Conflict.” Rising Powers Quarterly 1 (1): 109–33.
Adriaenssens, Philippe. 2015. “How to Involve the Private Sector in Development Cooperation.” GREAT Insights Magazine 4 (5): 13–15. (August/September).
Alastair, Iain Johnston. 2003. “Is China a Status Quo Power?” International Security 27 (4): 5–56.
Alexander, Nancy. 2015. “The Age of Megaprojects: Project Syndicate.” Project Syndicate, July 10. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/g20-infrastructure-investment-by-nancy-alexander-2015–07.
Alston, Philip. 2017. “The World Bank Is a Human Rights Free Zone.” NYU School of Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 17-50. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3079899.
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. 2016. Environment and Social Framework. https://www.aiib.org/en/policies-strategies/_download/environment-framework/20160226043633542.pdf/.
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. 2017. Call for Public Consultation for the Proposed: Complaints Handling Mechanism. Beijing: AIIB. https://www.aiib.org/en/policies-strategies/_download/consultation/consultation_aiib.pdf/.
Babb, Sarah. 2009. Behind the Development Banks: Washington Politics, World Poverty, and the Wealth of Nations. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Batista Jr., Paulo Nogueira. 2017. “Estratégia do NBD.” O Globo, July 7. https://oglobo.globo.com/opiniao/estrategia-do-nbd-21562434.
Bazbauers, Adrian Robert. 2018. The World Bank and Transferring Development: Policy Movements Through Technical Assistance. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Beghin, Nathalie. 2015. Parcerias e pobreza no Brasil: As contradições dos arranjos realizados entre entidades governamentais e empresas privadas para combater a pobreza. Saarbrücken: Novas Edições Acadêmicas.
Bhattacharya, Amar, Jeremy Oppenheim, and Nicholas Stern. 2015. “Driving Sustainable Development Through Better Infrastructure: Key Elements of a Transformation Program.” Brookings Global Working Paper Series. https://www.brookings.edu/research/driving-sustainable-development-through-better-infrastructure-key-elements-of-a-transformation-program/.
Bond, Patrick, and Ana Garcia, eds. 2015. BRICS: An Anti-capitalist Critique. London: Pluto Press.
Borges, Caio. 2015. “A proteção dos direitos humanos e do meio ambiente no financiamento do desenvolvimento: tendências globais, visões emergentes e desafios para o fortalecimento da Política Socioambiental do BNDES.” In Política Socioambiental do BNDES: Presente e Futuro, 23–54. Brasília. Instituto de Estudos Socioeconômicos.
Borges, Caio, and Laura Trajber Waisbich. 2014. The BRICS’ New Development Bank and the Integration of Human Rights into Development Cooperation: A New Era or More of the Same? Washington, DC: Heinrich Böll Stiftung North America.
Bradlow, Daniel, and Sabine Schlemmer-Schulte. 1994. “The World Bank’s New Inspection Panel: A Constructive Step in the Transformation of the International Legal Order.” Zeitschrift für Ausländisches Öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht 54: 392.
BRICS Policy Center, South–South Cooperation Research, and Policy Centre, Brazilian Agency of Cooperation. 2017. Paths for Developing South–South Cooperation Monitoring and Evaluation Systems. Brasília: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Caitlin, Daniel, Kristen Genovese, Mariëtte van Huijstee, and Sarah Singh. 2016. “Glass Half Full? The State of Accountability in Development Finance.” Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations (SOMO), January 1. www.glass-half-full.org.
Carey, Richard, and Li Xiaoyun. 2016. “Understanding the BRICS Evolving Influence and Role in Global Governance and Development.” IDS Policy Briefing Issue 119.
Chakrabarti, Milindo. 2016. “Development Compact—The Cornerstone of India’s Development Cooperation: An ‘Externalities’ Perspective.” International Studies 53 (1): 2–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881717717524.
Chun, Zhang. 2015. “China’s New Blueprint for an ‘Ecological Civilization”, The Diplomat, September 30. http://thediplomat.com/2015/09/chinas-new-blueprint-for-an-ecological-civilization/.
Conectas Human Rights. 2018. “Country Systems and Environmental and Social Safeguards in Development Finance Institutions: Assessment of the Brazilian System and Ways Forward for the New Development Bank.” Conectas, May 30. http://www.conectas.org/en/news/country-system-trend-multilateral-financing.
Constantine, Jennifer, and Alex Shankland. 2017. “From Policy Transfer to Mutual Learning? Political Recognition, Power and Process in the Emerging Landscape of International Development Cooperation.” Novos Estudos 36 (1): 99–122.
Cooper, Andrew. 2017. “The BRICS’ New Development Bank: Shifting from Material Leverage to Innovative Capacity.” Global Policy 8: 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12458.
Cooper, Andrew, and Asif Farooq. 2015. “Testing the Club Dynamics of the BRICS: The New Development Bank from Conception to Establishment.” International Organisations Research Journal 10 (2): 1–15.
Dasgupta, Saibal. 2017. “China Wants ‘BRICS Plus’ to Include ‘Friendly’ Countries, Plan Might Hurt India’s Interests.” Times of India, March 9. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/china-wants-brics-plus-to-include-friendly-countries-plan-might-hurt-indias-interests/articleshow/57542116.cms/.
Desai, Radikha. 2013. “The BRICS are Building a Challenge to Western Economic Supremacy.” The Guardian, April 2. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/apr/02/brics-challenge-western-supremacy.
Esteves, Paulo. 2017. “Agora somos todos países em desenvolvimento? A Cooperação Sul-Sul e os ODS.” Pontes 13 (2): 8–12.
Esteves, Paulo, and Giovana Zoccal. 2017. “The BRICS Effect: The Impact of South–South Cooperation in the Social Field of International Development Cooperation.” Centre for Rising Powers and Global Development (CRPD) Seminar, June 21. http://www.ids.ac.uk/events/the-brics-effect-the-impact-of-south-south-cooperation-in-the-social-field-of-international-development-cooperation.
Esteves, Paulo, Geovana Zoccal Gomes, and Gabriel Torres. 2016. “Os Novos Bancos Mutilaterais de Desenvolvimento e as Salvaguardas Socioambientais.” BPC Policy Brief 6 (3): 1–14.
Eyben, Rosalind, and Laura Savage. 2013. “Emerging and Submerging Powers: Imagined Geographies in the New Development Partnership at the Busan Fourth High Level Forum.” The Journal of Development Studies 49 (4): 457–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.733372.
Ferreira, José Roberto, and Luiz Eduardo Fonseca. 2017. “Structural Cooperation, the Fiocruz Experience.” Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 22 (7): 2129–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017227.04412017.
Flyvbjerg, Bent. 2014. “What You Should Know About Megaprojects and Why: An Overview.” Project Management Journal 45 (2): 6–19.
Griffith-Jones, Stephany, Li Xiaoyun, Jing Gu, and Stephan Spratt. 2016. “What Can the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Learn from Other Development Banks?” IDS Policy Briefing 113. Brighton: IDS. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/11170/PB113_AGID545_AIIB_Online.pdf?sequence=1.
Hochstetler, Kathryn. 2013. “South–South Trade and the Environment: A Brazilian Case Study.” Global Environmental Politics 13 (1): 30–48.
Humphrey, Chris. 2015. “Will the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’s Development Effectiveness Be a Victim of China’s Diplomatic Success?” Multilateral Development Banks in the 21st Century, ODI Discussion Paper, November.
Hurrell, Andrew. 2013. “Narratives of Emergence: Rising Powers and the End of the Third World?” Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 33 (2): 203–21.
Independent Evaluation Group (IEG). 2015. “First Programmatic Reform Loan for Environmental Sustainability.” Project Performance Assessment Report, February 19. http://lnweb90.worldbank.org/OED/OEDDocLib.nsf/DocUNIDViewForJavaSearch/4DB64B1DFCD69B4085257DF2007BAD7F/$file/brazil-env-prl-ppar.pdf.
Instituto Socioambiental (ISA). 2016. “Nova legislação do licenciamento ambiental vai instaurar guerra fiscal’, diz advogado do ISA.” Instituto Socioambiental, December 16. https://www.socioambiental.org/pt-br/noticias-socioambientais/novo-legislacao-do-licenciamento-ambiental-vai-instaurar-guerra-fiscal-diz-advogado-do-isa.
Jain, Pooja. 2017. “The BRICS Agenda: Functional Co-operation Between Competing Logics.” Global Dialogue 15 (2) (March 8): 77–94.
Kasahara, Shigehisa. 2017. “The New Development Bank (NDB) vs The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB): An Analytical Comparison from a Critical Perspective.” The 5th International Conference of the BRICS Initiative for Critical Agrarian Studies, Conference Paper No. 19.
Kennedy, Duncan. 2006. “Three Globalizations of Law and Legal Thought: 1850–2000.” In The New Law and Economic Development: A Critical Appraisal, edited by Alvaro Santos and David Trubek. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kharas, Homi. 2014. Financing for Development: International Financial Flows After 2015. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute.
Kharas, Homi, and Andrew Rogerson. 2017. Global Development Trends and Challenges Horizon 2025 Revisited. London: Overseas Development Institute.
Kim, Taekyoon, and Sojin Lim. 2017. “Forging ‘Soft’ Accountability in Unlikely Settings: A Conceptual Analysis of Mutual Accountability in the Context of South-South Cooperation.” Global Governance 23 (2): 183–203.
Kweitel, Juana, and Srinivas Krishnaswamy. 2016. “O Banco dos BRICS está apto a impulsionar o desenvolvimento sustentável?” Dialogo Chino, October 14. http://dialogochino.net/o-banco-dos-brics-esta-apto-a-impulsionar-o-desenvolvimento-sustentavel/?lang=pt-pt.
Kweitel, Juana, Ana Toni, and Gretchen Gordon. 2017. “The BRICS Bank Needs a Bold and Participatory Strategy for Sustainable Development.” Open Democracy, April 19.
Leal, Milton. 2016. “Does Anyone Know Anything About the New BRICS Bank?” Chinadialogue, January 28. https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/8568-Does-anyone-know-anything-about-the-new-BRICS-bank.
Leal-Arcas, Rafael. 2013. “The BRICS and Climate Change.” International Affairs Forum 4 (1): 22–26.
Leite, Iara Costa, Bianca Suyama, L. Trajber Waisbich, Melissa Pomeroy, Jennifer Constantine, Lizbeth Navas-Alemán, Alex Shankland, and Musab Younis. 2014. Brazil’s Engagement in International Development Cooperation: The State of the Debate. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.
Lotta, Gabriela, and Arilson Favareto. 2016. “Desafios da integração nos novos arranjos institucionais de políticas públicas no Brasil.” Revista de Sociologia e Política 24 (57): 49–65.
Mawdsley, Emma. 2014. “Human Rights and South–South Development Cooperation: Reflections on the ‘Rising Powers’ as International Development Actors.” Human Rights Quarterly 36: 630–52.
Mawdsley, Emma. 2015. “Development Geography 1: Cooperation, Competition and Convergence Between ‘North’ and ‘South’.” Progress in Human Geography 41 (1): 108–17.
Mawdsley, Emma, Laura Savage, and Kim Sung-Mi. 2014. “A ‘Post-aid World’? Paradigm Shift in Foreign Aid and Development Cooperation at the 2011 Busan High Level Forum.” The Geographical Journal 180 (1): 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2012.00490.x.
Moll, Peter, Patricia Geli, and Pablo Saavedra. 2015. “Correlates of Success in World Bank Development Policy Lending.” Policy Research Working Paper No. 7181. https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-7181.
Moreira, Assis. 2018. “China e Brasil querem mais países no Banco dos BRICS.” Valor Econômico, May 30. http://www.valor.com.br/financas/5558911/china-e-brasil-querem-mais-paises-no-banco-dos-brics/.
New Development Bank. 2017a. Environment and Social Framework. Shanghai: New Development Bank.
New Development Bank. 2017b. NDB’s General Strategy 2017–2021. Shanghai: New Development Bank.
Ong, David. M. 2017. “The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Bringing ‘Asian Values’ to Global Economic Governance?” Journal of International Economic Law 20 (3): 535–60.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2010. Country Systems, and Why We Need to Use Them. Paris: OECD.
O’Riordan, Alexander. 2014. “South Africa: The Gentle but Subversive Power of South–South Cooperation.” Allafrica, October 2. http://allafrica.com/stories/201410021328.html.
Orr, Robert M. 2016. “Why the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Needs Resident Directors.” ChinaDialogue, August 23. https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/9206-Why-the-Asian-Infrastructure-Investment-Bank-needs-resident-directors.
Oxfam. 2014. “The BRICS Development Bank—Why the world’s Newest Global Bank Must Adopt a Pro-Poor Agenda.” Oxfam Policy Brief. https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/bp-brics-development-bank-110714-en_0.pdf/.
Pallas, Christopher L., and Jonathan Wood. 2009. “The World Bank’s Use of Country Systems for Procurement: A Good Idea Gone Bad?” Development Policy Review 27 (2): 215–30.
Pearson, Jenny. 2011. LenCD Learning Package on Capacity Development: Part 1: The Core Concept. Learning Network on Capacity Development.
Reuters. 2018. “BRICS Development Bank to Expand Lending to Private Sector.” Reuters, May 29. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-brics-bank/brics-development-bank-to-expand-lending-to-private-sector-idUSKCN1IU0P2/.
Rodrik, Dani. 2013. “What the World Needs from the BRICS.” Project Syndicate, April 10. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-brics-and-global-economic-leadership-by-dani-rodrik/.
Roychoudhury, Supriya, and Karin Vasquez. 2016. “What Is New About the BRICS-Led New Development Bank?” Devex, May 9. https://www.devex.com/news/what-is-new-about-the-brics-led-new-development-bank-88126/.
Sarkar, Rumu. 2009. International Development Law: Rule of Law, Human Rights, and Global Finance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schablitzki, Jan. 2014. “The BRICS Development Bank: A New Tool for South-South Cooperation?” BPC Policy Brief 5 (1) (December 2014–January 2015). Rio de Janeiro: PUC. BRICS Policy Center, pp. 1–15.
Schiavo-Campo, Salvatore, Laura Atuesta, Agustina Schijman, and Monika Huppi. 2013. Mid-term Evaluation of IDB-9 Commitments – Country Systems. Background Paper. https://publications.iadb.org/en/idb-9-country-systems.
Serrano, Omar. 2017. “New Multilateral Lenders and the Purported Challenge to Existing MDBs: Institutional Design, Staffing and Lending Practices at the NDB and the AIIB.” Paper presented at the Second International Symposium on Development and Governance in the BRICS, Fudan University, Shanghai, China on 23–24 September.
Shaffer, Gregory, and Michael Waibel. 2016. “The Rise and Fall of Trade and Monetary Legal Orders: From the Interwar Period to Today’s Global Imbalances.” In Contractual Knowledge: One Hundred Years of Legal Experimentation, edited by Gregoire Mallard and Jerome Sgard, 289–323. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Simister¸ Nigel, and Rachel Smith. 2010. “Monitoring and Evaluating Capacity Building: Is It really That Difficult.” Praxis Paper 23. Oxford: International NGO Training and Research Centre.
Stuenkel, Oliver. 2015. “The BRICS Bank Isn’t Challenging the System, Only Western Leadership of It.” The Wire, September 3. http://thewire.in/9853/the-brics-bank-isnt-challenging-the-system-only-western-leadership-of-it/.
Times of India. 2017. “India Pushes for $2 Billion Infrastructure Loan from New Development Bank.” Times of India, April 2. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-pushes-for-2-billion-infrastructure-loan-from-new-development-bank/articleshow/57968661.cms/.
Trubek, David, and Alvaro Santos, eds. 2006. The New Law and Economic Development: A Critical Appraisal. New York: Cambridge University Press.
United Nations. 2009. Nairobi Outcome Document of the High-Level United Nations Conference on South–South Cooperation. New York: United Nations.
United Nations. 2016. “Brazil Must Move Forward on Business and Human Rights—UN Expert Group.” United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), June 17. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20125&LangID=E.
United Nations. 2017. “Indigenous and Environmental Rights Under Attack in Brazil, UN Rights Experts Warn.” United Nations Sustainable Development Blog, June 8. http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2017/06/indigenous-and-environmental-rights-under-attack-in-brazil-un-rights-experts-warn/.
United Nations Development Programme. 2010. Measuring Capacity. New York: UNDP.
Vasudha Foundation. 2017. Policy Wayforward for the New Development Bank: A Compendium of Policies and Practices of Some of the Multilateral and Southern Banks. New Delhi: Vasudha Foundation.
Vazquez, Karin Costa, Supriya Roychoudhury, and Caio Borges. 2017. Building Infrastructure for 21st Century Sustainable Development: Lessons and Opportunities for the BRICS-Led New Development Bank. Delhi and Sao Paulo: Center for African, Latin American and Caribbean Studies—O.P. Jindal Global University.
Wang, Hongying. 2016. “New Multilateral Development Banks Opportunities and Challenges for Global Governance.” Discussion Paper Series on Global and Regional Governance. Washington, DC: Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Discussion_Paper_Wang_MDBs_OR.pdf.
Watkins, Graham George, Sven-Uwe Mueller, Hendrik Meller, Maria Cecilia Ramirez, Tomás Serebrisky, and Andreas Georgoulias. 2017. Lessons from Four Decades of Infrastructure Project Related Conflicts in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank. https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/8502.
World Bank. 2011. 2010 Environment Strategy: The Use of Country Systems for Environmental Safeguards. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTENVSTRATEGY/Resources/6975692-1289855310673/20110222-Use-of-Country-Systems.pdf.
World Bank. 2012. Guide to Evaluating Capacity Development Results. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Xi, Chao. 2016. “Financial Infrastructure of B&R: The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank—Governance Issues.” In Legal Dimensions of China’s One Belt One Road Initiative, Wolters Kluwer, edited by Lutz-Christian Wolff and Chao Xi, 341–54. Wan Chai: Wolters Kluwer.
Xu, Jiajun, and Richard Carey. 2015. “The Economic and Political Geography Behind China’s Emergence as an Architect of the International Development System.” In Multilateral Development Banks in the 21st Century: Three Perspectives on China and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. London, UK: Overseas Development Institute (ODI Discussion Paper, November 11–14).
Acknowledgements
This chapter is based on a paper presenter presented by the authors first in September 2017, in the 2nd BRICS Governance Forum (Fudan University, Shanghai) and then in a graduate and scholars’ forum meeting at the Center of International Politics and Economics (NEPEI-USP) at the University of Sao Paulo (Brazil). We thank all those who have commented on the previous versions during this process. The authors are also grateful to Conectas Human Rights for the support provided to the elaboration of this chapter. All remaining errors and omissions remain ours.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Waisbich, L.T., Borges, C. (2020). The BRICS’ New Development Bank at the Crossroads: Challenges for Building Development Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century. In: Puppim de Oliveira, J.A., Jing, Y. (eds) International Development Assistance and the BRICS. Governing China in the 21st Century. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9644-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9644-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-32-9643-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-32-9644-2
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)