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Environmental Antibiotics: Exposure Monitoring and Health Endpoints

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Emerging Chemicals and Human Health

Abstract

Antibiotics have long been used to combat human and animal diseases and promote the growth of livestock. Due to the low metabolic rate of antibiotics, they cannot be fully absorbed by human and animal bodies. Most antibiotics are discharged into the environment in the form of active ingredients or metabolites, resulting in residues in the environmental medium. More and more attention has been paid to the environmental pollution caused by unreasonable and irregular use of antibiotics. Antibiotics in the environment could cause different degrees of toxic effects on various environmental media such as water and soil, and even induce the production of resistance genes, which will bring serious threats to human life and health. This chapter introduces the exposure of antibiotics and their effects on ecological environment and human health. Moreover, we focus on the state-of-art researches on antibiotic resistance gene and initiate several prospects of future research.

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Abbreviations

Al:

aluminum

ANOVA:

analysis of variance

ANS:

autonomic nervous system

As:

arsenic

Ba:

Barium

BMI:

body mass index

BP:

blood pressure

Br:

bromine

Ca:

calcium

Cd:

cadmium

Cl:

chlorine

Co:

Cobalt

Cr:

chromium

Cu:

copper

DBP:

diastolic blood pressure

ED-XRF:

energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence

ET-1:

endothelin-1

Fe:

iron

GWG:

gestational weight gain

HDP:

hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

ICAM-1:

intercellular adhesion molecule 1

IL:

interleukin

IQR:

interquartile range

K:

potassium

MAP:

mean arterial pressure

Mg:

magnesium

Mn:

manganese

Mo:

molybdenum

mPEAK:

Maternal Psychological and Environmental Assessment of Kids

Na:

sodium

Ni:

nickel

P:

phosphorus

Pb:

lead

PM:

particulate matter

PTFE:

polytetrafluoroethylene

Rb:

rubidium

S:

sulfur

Sb:

antimony

SBP:

systolic blood pressure

Se:

selenium

Si:

silicon

Sn:

stannum

Sr:

strontium

Ti:

titanium

TNFa:

tumor necrosis factor alpha

V:

vanadium

VCIM-1:

vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

Zn:

zinc

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Yingya Zhao

  2. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Yingya Zhao

  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Xirong Xiao

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  1. Yingya Zhao
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  2. Xirong Xiao
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Correspondence to Xirong Xiao .

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  1. Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Yunhui Zhang

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Zhao, Y., Xiao, X. (2019). Environmental Antibiotics: Exposure Monitoring and Health Endpoints. In: Zhang, Y. (eds) Emerging Chemicals and Human Health. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9535-3_10

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