Abstract
The multifaceted discipline GIS has a definite role to play in monitoring tectonism-induced calamities. Before installing high-valued infrastructure, one can utilize the GIS technology to find out the usefulness of the investment, by carrying out proper site analysis. Abetted by affable subsoil, severe ground shaking might lead to liquefaction causing infrastructure collapse and conflagration, which is the common earthquake hazards experienced worldwide. Tremor-induced damage to built-up infrastructures like roads, bridges, buildings and other properties is accompanied by human and other livestock casualties. The appropriate planning process should be in place with a view to safeguarding people’s welfare, infrastructures and other properties at a site based on proper evaluation and assessments of the potential level of earthquake hazard. One can use the information so derived in minimizing risk from earthquakes and also can foster appropriate construction design and formulation of building codes at a particular site. Different disciplines adopt different approaches in assessing and monitoring earthquake hazard throughout the world. In the current study, the potentials of space technology and spatial science were used to appraise potentials of earthquake hazards in the study area. Subsurface geology and geomorphology were the common features or factors that were assessed and integrated in GIS platform complemented with seismic data record like peak ground acceleration (PGA), historical earthquake magnitude and earthquake depth to evaluate and prepare liquefaction potential zones (LPZ) culminating in earthquake hazard zonation of our study sites. The precept has been that during any earthquake event, the seismic wave is generated and propagates from earthquake focus to the surface. As it propagates, it passes through certain geological, geomorphological and specific soil features, where these features according to their strength/stiffness/moisture content aggravate or attenuate the strength of wave propagation to the surface. Depending upon the media of the propagation of seismic waves, the resulting intensity of shaking might culminate in the collapse of built-up infrastructures. For the case of earthquake hazard zonation, the overall assessment was carried out through integrating seismicity data layers with LPZ. Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) with Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was adopted for this study. In the current study, GIS technology was used to integrate several thematic layers having potential contributions to liquefaction triggered by earthquake hazard. The factors were appropriately weighted and ranked in tune with their contribution to earthquake-induced liquefaction. The weightage and ranking assigned to each factor were normalized with AHP technique. ArcGIS 10 software was mainly utilized such as ‘raster calculator’, ‘reclassify’ and ‘overlay analysis’ as spatial analysis tools in the study. The earthquake hazard zones along with LPZ were reclassified as final output. Hazard zones were segmented as ‘Very high’, ‘High’, ‘Moderate’, ‘Low’ and ‘Very Low’ to indicate the levels of vulnerability in the study region.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andrew M (2005) Estimating the influence of sediments on ground shaking. Geosci Aust, issue 82
Connecticut Environmental Conditions Online (2010) Soil drainage class. Maps and geospatial data for planning, management, education and research
County of San Diego low impact development handbook (2009) Geotechnical consideration
Davies H (1998) Tsunami PNG 1998, National Library of Papua New Guinea, ISBN 9980-85-262-3, Graphos Art Limited, Port Moresby. Retrieve form: http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/JB_DM464_PNG_1998_Tsunami.pdf
Davies JM, Davies HL, Joku N, Gedikile H (1999) The Aitape tsunami—reconstructing the events and planning for the future at PARTIC. 1999 Fall Meeting American Geophysical Union, Supplement to EOS, Transactions AGU 80 p. F750
Geobook (2009) The UPNG Geobook set—an interactive mapping atlas for each Province of PNG, Remote Sensing Centre, PO Box 320, University, NCD, Papua New Guinea
Ghasemi H, Leonard M, Cummins P, Moiho M, Spiro S, Taranu F, Buri E (2015) Probabilistic seismic hazard map of Papua New Guinea. Geosci Aust
Global Logistics Cluster—WFP (2011) Emergency preparedness operational logistics contingency plan, risk profile and DRM, Logistic Cluster. Retrieve from: http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/PNG%20Logistics%20CP%20-%20Part%201%20-%20Risk%20Profile%20and%20DRM.pdf
Greene M, Power M, YoudTL (1994) Earthquake basics, liquefaction, innovative technology transfer committee of the earthquake engineering
Koulali A, Tregoning P, McClusky S, Stanaway R, Wallace L, Lister G (2015) New Insights into the present-day kinematics of the central and western Papua New Guinea from GPS. Geogr J Int. Retrieve from: http://rses.anu.edu.au/geodynamics/tregoning/57.pdf
Loffler E (1974) Geomorphological map of Papua New Guinea, scale 1:1000000, CSIRO Land research series, no. 33
Machiwal D, Jha MK, Mal BC (2011) Assessment of groundwater potential in a semi-arid region of india using remote sensing, GIS and MCDM techniques. Water Resour Manage 25(5):1359–1386
Mohanty W, Walling MY, Nath SK, Pal I (2006) First order seismic microzonation of Delhi, India using geographical information system (GIS). Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India
National Earthquake Information Centre (2013) Earthquake facts and statistics, U.S. geological survey
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative (2011) Country risk profile: Papua New Guinea, better risk information for smarter investigation. Retrieve from: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTDISASTER/Resources/PNG.pdf
Pacific Fact Sheet 2 (2006) Earthquake, natural hazards in the pacific; reducing vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
Pal I, Nath SK, Shukla K, Pal DK, Raj A, Thingbaijam KKS, Bansal BK (2007) Earthquake hazard zonation of Sikkim Himalaya using a GIS platform. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Retrieve through mail from Indrajit Pal. Pdf format
Saaty TL (1980) The analytic hierarchy process: planning, priority setting, and resource allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York, Ed. 2. 18
Sekac T, Jana SK, Pal I, Pal DK (2016a) A GIS based approach into delineating liquefaction susceptible zones through assessment of site-soil-geology—a case study of Madang and Morobe Province in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 5(5). ISSN (Online) 2319-8753
Sekac T, Jana SK, Pal I, Pal DK (2016b) GIS based multi-criteria evaluation in earthquake hazard micro-zonation—a case study of Madang and Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Int J Adv Eng Res Sci 3(8):95–104. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.3.8.2. ISSN 2349-6495 (P) 2456-1908 (O)
Sekac T, Jana SK, Pal I, Pal DK (2016c) Earthquake hazard assessment in the Momase region of Papua New Guinea. Int Spat Inf Res. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41324-016-0058-2. Springer Publication. ISSN: 2366-3286 (print version) ISSN: 2366-3294 (electronic version)
Stanaway R (2008) A dynamic datum For PNG—improving PNG94. In: 42nd Association of Surveyors PNG Congress, Port Moresby, 9th–12th July 2008
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1992) Draft environmental impact statement. Superconducting magnetic energy storage-engineering test model. Northwestern University
Vervaeck A (2015) Many very strong damaging earthquakes below and along New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Retrieve from: http://earthquake-report.com/2015/05/05/very-strong-earthquake-new-britain-region-p-n-g-on-may-5-2015/
Wallace LM, Stevens C, Silver E, McCaffrey R, Loratung W, Hasiata S, Stanaway R, Curley R, Rosa R, Taugaloidi J (2004) GPS and seismological constraints on active tectonics and arc-continent collision in Papua New Guinea: implications for mechanics of micro plate rotations in a plate boundary zone. J Geophys Res: Solid Earth 109(B5)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sekac, T., Jana, S.K., Pal, I., Pal, D.K. (2020). Application of Geospatial Technology in Earthquake Risk Assessment in Papua New Guinea. In: Pal, I., von Meding, J., Shrestha, S., Ahmed, I., Gajendran, T. (eds) An Interdisciplinary Approach for Disaster Resilience and Sustainability. MRDRRE 2017. Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9527-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9527-8_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-32-9526-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-32-9527-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)