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Regional Autonomy: An Institutional Arrangement for Solving Ethno-national Issues

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China's Solution to Its Ethno-national Issues

Part of the book series: China Insights ((CHINAIN))

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Abstract

The State Constitution of China stipulates: “The People’s Republic of China is a unitary multi-national state created jointly by the people of all its nationalities. Regional autonomy is practiced in areas where people of minority nationalities live in concentrated communities; in these areas, organs of self-government are established to exercise the power of autonomy. All autonomous areas for ethnic minorities are integral parts of China”.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Angben (2014).

  2. 2.

    Vyigotski (1979): 285.

  3. 3.

    The traditional concept of nationalism emphasized a single and unitary composition of nationals and pursued the principle of unified language and region.

  4. 4.

    Bai (1999): 7.

  5. 5.

    The Soviet Academy of Sciences (1977): 16.

  6. 6.

    Rizhkov (2008): 384.

  7. 7.

    Patterson (2007): 77.

  8. 8.

    Lenin (1990a): 61.

  9. 9.

    Stalin (1979): 81.

  10. 10.

    Kymlicka (2004): 96.

  11. 11.

    The Founding of the People’s Republic of China. Beijing: China Literature and History Publishing House, 2009: 10, 20.

  12. 12.

    Selected Documents on the Administration of Xinjiang: 1949–2010, p. 3.

  13. 13.

    Ulanhu (2013): 104.

  14. 14.

    Selected Documents on the Administration of Xinjiang: 1949–2010, pp. 190, 185.

  15. 15.

    Deng Xiaoping. The Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume III, p. 257.

  16. 16.

    Mao Zedong. The Collected Works of Mao Zedong, p. 29.

  17. 17.

    Ulanhu (2013): 145.

  18. 18.

    United Front Department of the CCP (1991): 323.

  19. 19.

    The Selected Documents on the Administration of Xinjiang: 1949–2010, p. 131.

  20. 20.

    The Selected Documents on the Administration of Xinjiang: 1949–2010, p. 188.

  21. 21.

    Xiaoping (1994): 167.

  22. 22.

    Deng Xiaoping. The Selected Documents on the Governance of Xinjiang: 1949–2010, p. 104.

  23. 23.

    Publicity Outline for the Establishment of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Gansu Daily, published on July 23, 1957.

  24. 24.

    The Selected Documents on the Administration of Xinjiang: 1949–2010, p. 145.

  25. 25.

    Ibid., p. 99.

  26. 26.

    The Selected Documents on the Administration of Xinjiang: 1949–2010, p. 197.

  27. 27.

    Ekwa. R. B. The Self-image of the Tibetans. Beijing: China Tibetology Research Center, p. 497.

  28. 28.

    Stein (1999): 103.

  29. 29.

    Shakya (2011): 43.

  30. 30.

    Zhang (2009): 139.

  31. 31.

    Wang (2009): 179.

  32. 32.

    Lama (1990): 63.

  33. 33.

    Mao Zedong. the Selected Works of Mao Zedong, p. 43.

  34. 34.

    Gyatso (2011): 211.

  35. 35.

    Ya (1987): 322.

  36. 36.

    Huang (1995): 337.

  37. 37.

    Wang X. The Governance of Tibet by the People’s Republic of China: 1949–2009, p. 60.

  38. 38.

    Mao Zedong. The Collected Works of Mao Zedong, p. 110.

  39. 39.

    Gyatso (2011): 211.

  40. 40.

    Ibid.

  41. 41.

    Mao Zedong. The Collected Works of Mao Zedong, p. 132.

  42. 42.

    Gyatso (2011): 211.

  43. 43.

    Chronicles of Major Events for the CPC Tibet Committee. Lhasa: Tibet People’s Press. 1995: 75.

  44. 44.

    Mao Zedong. The Selected Works of Mao Zedong, p. 160.

  45. 45.

    Dalai Lama. The Autobiography of the 14th Dalai Lama. Beijing: the Commercial Press, pp. 93–94.

  46. 46.

    Chinese Tibetology Research Center (2009): 101.

  47. 47.

    Li (2010): 55.

  48. 48.

    Mao Zedong. The Selected Works of Mao Zedong on the Affairs of Tibet, p. 170.

  49. 49.

    The Suppression of the 1959 Tibetan Uprising, p. 22.

  50. 50.

    Ibid., p. 21.

  51. 51.

    Mao Zedong. The Selected Works of Mao Zedong on the Affairs of Tibet, p. 171.

  52. 52.

    Knaus J. Orphans of the Cold war: America and the Tibetan Struggle for Survival, p. 169.

  53. 53.

    1959–2009: Democratic Reform in Tibet and the Dalai Lama’s Exile, p. 150.

  54. 54.

    Lenin (1990b): 147.

  55. 55.

    The Selected Documents on the Affairs of Xinjiang: 1949–2010, p. 199.

  56. 56.

    Huang G. The Ethnic Affairs of Contemporary China, p. 218.

  57. 57.

    Deng Xiaoping. The Collected Works of Deng Xiaoping, p. 339.

  58. 58.

    The Collected Documents on the Governance of Xinjiang: 1949–2010, p. 252.

  59. 59.

    Huang G. The Ethnic Affairs in Contemporary China, p. 219.

  60. 60.

    Hao (2015).

  61. 61.

    The Collected Documents on the Governance of Xinjiang: 1949–2010, p. 263.

  62. 62.

    Hao (2015).

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  1. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

    Shiyuan Hao

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Hao, S. (2020). Regional Autonomy: An Institutional Arrangement for Solving Ethno-national Issues. In: China's Solution to Its Ethno-national Issues. China Insights. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9519-3_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9519-3_4

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