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The 1982 Constitution and Human Rights: Thirty Years of Social Change and Its Constitutional Implications

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Constitutional Development in China, 1982-2012

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Abstract

The relationship between civil rights and state power is not only an essential aspect of constitutional law but also the theoretical foundation for constitutional law. Yet, state power and civil rights are not on an equal footing speaking of their basic contradictory relation in the Constitution.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Tucker [1, p. 12].

  2. 2.

    Chongde [2, pp. 173, 227, and 181].

  3. 3.

    Chongde [2, p. 277].

  4. 4.

    For specifics, refer to the 1954 Constitution, 1975 Constitution, 1978 Constitution, and 1982 Constitution.

  5. 5.

    In the 1982 Constitution, foreigners’ rights are stipulated in Article 32, Chapter I “General Principles” rather than Chapter II “The Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens,” so it is not contained herein.

  6. 6.

    Chongde [2, p. 573].

  7. 7.

    Han and Lin [3].

  8. 8.

    Zhengbang [4, p. 200].

  9. 9.

    Laifan [5, p. 182].

  10. 10.

    Qianfan [6, pp. 282–288].

  11. 11.

    Xinmin [7, pp. 347–348].

  12. 12.

    Donnelly [8, p. 10].

  13. 13.

    Dayuan [9].

  14. 14.

    Xianming [10, p. 3].

  15. 15.

    Hainian and Jiafu [11, p. 481].

  16. 16.

    State Council Information Office [12, p. 1].

  17. 17.

    Yong [13, pp. 177–180].

  18. 18.

    Ashibe [14, pp. 77–78].

  19. 19.

    Vincent [15, p. 85].

  20. 20.

    Xinmin [7, p. 691].

  21. 21.

    Chongde [16], first section of chapter two; Yezhong [17], first section of chapter two; Zhengbang 4, first section of chapter six.

  22. 22.

    See Footnote 13.

  23. 23.

    According to preliminary statistics, articles centering on “incorporating new rights in the Constitution” could be searched via Chinese academic periodical net and numbered around 190 between 1994 and 2011.

  24. 24.

    Zhen [18, p. 61].

  25. 25.

    Alexy [19, p. xix].

  26. 26.

    For specific demonstrations, see Zhen [18, pp. 62–69].

  27. 27.

    Zhenshan [20, pp. 3–4].

  28. 28.

    See Footnote 1.

  29. 29.

    Henkin [21, p. 31].

  30. 30.

    Tucker [1, p. 143].

  31. 31.

    Tucker [1, p. 146].

  32. 32.

    Tucker [1, p. 136].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Administrative Law, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Research Office of Human Rights Education and Research Center, Southwest University of Political Science and Law (SWUPL), Chongqing, China

    Zhang Zhen

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  1. Zhang Zhen
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

    Lin Li

  2. Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

    Jihong Mo

  3. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

    Guoqiang Zhai

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Zhen, Z. (2020). The 1982 Constitution and Human Rights: Thirty Years of Social Change and Its Constitutional Implications. In: Li, L., Mo, J., Zhai, G. (eds) Constitutional Development in China, 1982-2012. Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9261-1_8

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