Abstract
Experimental study was conducted to examine the possibility of common-use temperature sensors to apply to early fire detection. In the series of experiments, the velocity of air-conditioning flow and the HRR of a fire source were varied to investigate the ceiling jet behavior and temperature sensor response which is relatively slow compared with ordinary heat detectors. As a result, it was found that a small fire can be detected by common-use temperature sensors by considering the arrangement. Also, the estimation method of sensor response was discussed. The sensor response can be estimated for even a very small fire in the early stage of fire by combining the prediction formulae for ceiling jet flow and for the thermal response of sensors. The influence of air-conditioning airflow was also investigated by the experiments and CFD simulations. It was confirmed that weak ceiling jet induced by a small fire cannot approach to the airflow outlet due to the obstruction by air-conditioning flow. When considering the arrangement of temperature sensors, the sensors should be located at least 1.0 m away from the air-conditioning outlets.
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Abbreviations
- C :
-
Parameter of heat conduction loss (1/s)
- H :
-
Vertical distance from a fire source to ceiling surface (m)
- Q :
-
Heat release rate (kW)
- r :
-
Horizontal distance from a fire source to a temperature sensor (m)
- RTI:
-
Response time index (m1/2s1/2)
- T :
-
Temperature (°C)
- z :
-
Height of smoke layer interface from a fire source (m)
- a :
-
Air
- cj :
-
Ceiling jet
- cj,s :
-
Ceiling jet in smoke layer
- d :
-
Detector or sensor
- s :
-
Smoke layer
References
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Acknowledgements
This research was accepted as collaborative research with Tokyo University of Science, Research Center for Fire Safety Science.
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Nii, D., Namba, M., Harada, K., Matsuyama, K., Tanaka, T. (2020). Application of Common-Use Temperature Sensors to Early Fire Detection. In: Wu, GY., Tsai, KC., Chow, W.K. (eds) The Proceedings of 11th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology. AOSFST 2018. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9139-3_55
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9139-3_55
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