A Decentralised Approach for Load Management in an Islanded Distribution Network During Contingency

Abstract

Electricity plays a vital role in both day to day life of people and the economic development of a nation. To ensure sustainable supply of electricity and energy security, the efficient management of the electricity distribution network through the use of intelligent devices, which can monitor and control power flows in real time, has become necessary. The major grid features sustainability, energy security, reliability etc. became the challenges of the 21th century grid management because of the grid interactive distributed renewable generation (DGs) and the increasing number of Electrical Vehicles. In order to manage the distribution network during a contingency condition, various options are explored for the maintenance of critical loads by fixing priority based on the criticality of loads. The restoration strategy formulated by integrating the DGs and Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a decentralized operation. Multi Agent System (MAS) have capabilities like standard interfaces, standard agent communication language, reactivity etc. that can be used for solving the problem associated with supply restoration when DGs are present. The energy restoration process is formulated as a multi objective optimization problem. This is formulated by maximizing the critical loads and minimizing the number of switching operation subject to the constraints voltage, current, Power, frequency and state of charge of EVs battery within the permissible limit. Algorithm is formulated to achieve the objectives. The power quality parameters System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) values are compared with the values of existing utility outage management system (OMS). The impact of V2G concept for supply restoration was assessed along with the benefits of deploying V2G facility of the EVs for restoration of power were analysed.