Chinese-Style Development in Tibet: Narrative

Abstract

Since the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was founded in 1949, the Chinese central government has made various efforts in order to stabilize Tibet and to fully assimilate it into China. Have what the Chinese have done in Tibet yielded what they expected? In this chapter, four unique development approaches (including the “pairing-aid program,” the “aid-Tibet cadres program,” the “inland middle schools and classes,” and the “large construction project”) that the Chinese government has applied, which have resulted in both positive and negative effects on the social and economic developments of Tibet, will be analyzed. At the end of this chapter, there is an annex of the major interprovincial events relating to China’s pairing-aid-to-Tibet programs.

Annex

Major interprovincial events relating to the pairing-aid-to-Tibet programs.¹³

Anhui:

August 19, 2005, the “Anhui-Tibet Forum for Trade and Economic Cooperation” is held in Lhasa, Tibet autonomous region. The delegations of the two provincial governments sign an agreement which is aimed at the strengthening economic and technological cooperation between Anhui and Tibet. May 11, 2011, the “Shannan (southern Tibet) Tourist Investment Promotion” is held in Hefei city, Anhui Province. September 15, 2011, the Anhui Forestry Vocational and Technical College receives the Tibetan teachers from the Vocational and Technical School of the Shannan prefecture of Tibet autonomous region. May 27, 2012, the project promotion of the “Tibetan Culture Festival” is held in Hefei city, Anhui Province, aiming to expand the visibility and influence of Tibetan culture in Anhui Province, to promote the exchange and cooperation between Anhui and Tibet, and to strengthen the Han–Tibetan unity

Beijing:

April 24, 2009, the meeting of the “Beijing-Lhasa Pairing Aid” is held; and the “Framework Agreement of Beijing municipality and Lhasa city Concerning Pairing Aid, 2009–2012” is signed. According to the agreement, Beijing municipality will arrange a pairing aid for 4 years with a total amount of 240 million yuan mainly in the fields of the social and economic development, personnel training, and industrial cooperation. June 28, 2009, the leaderships of Beijing municipality and Tibet autonomous region hold a discussion meeting, aiming to understand the economic and social development of Lhasa city, and the pairing aid of Beijing to Tibet. So far, Beijing has completed more than 20 pairing-aid projects in Tibet. September 3, 2009, Tibet autonomous region signs a cooperative agreement with Beijing Normal University. August 31, 2011, the Women and Child Development Fund of, and the Women’s Federation of Beijing municipality and the Women’s Federation of Tibet autonomous region hold the forum of cooperation and development in Lhasa city, Tibet autonomous region. In the Forum, the Beijing side donates a 300,000 yuan fund to Tibet, to be used in the Tibet’s poor women and children

Chongqing:

November 15, 2006, the Tibetan delegation and Chongqing University sign an agreement concerning the bilateral cooperation in technical exchange, personnel training, and economic development. September 23, 2008, the Tibetan Medical College and Chongqing University discuss about their bilateral cooperation. August 7, 2008, the Chongqing Association of Building Materials, the Kaixin Home Company, and the Tibet Nanya International Trade Center sign a strategic cooperation agreement. December 29, 2008, Chongqing University and the University of Tibet sign an interschool cooperation agreement. August 16–20, 2009, Chongqing University signs a Letter of Intention Concerning the Government Cooperation Project between Chongqing University and Tibet autonomous region. August 10, 2011, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science and Agriculture and the Animal Husbandry Academy of Sciences of Tibet autonomous region sign a technological cooperation agreement

Fujian:

July 25, 2011, the Fujian Agricultural University and Linzhi prefecture of Tibet autonomous region sign a strategic cooperation agreement. The cooperation projects involve mushroom and grass promoting, bee products processing, wild flowers breeding, and the design of the Linzhi Natural History Museum. August 9 to 10, 2011, the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences visits Lhasa city, Tibet autonomous region, to participate in the Symposium of Agricultural Science and Technology Cooperation during the “12th Five-Year Plan,” and sign an agreement on cooperation with the Tibet Academy of Agricultural Sciences. November 18, 2011, Fujian and Linzhi prefecture sign a framework agreement concerning the cooperation between Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University and Linzhi prefecture of Tibet. December 4, 2011, a delegation of Linzhi prefecture of Tibet autonomous region visits Fujian Province. Representatives from the two places hold the “Symposium of the Cooperation between Longyan of Fujian and Linzhi prefecture of Tibet.” May 4, 2012, the China People’s Political Consultative Committees of Zhangzhou city (Fujian Province) and Motuo county (Linzhi prefecture, Tibet autonomous region) sign a strategic cooperation agreement. Under the agreement, the two sides will establish a long-term strategic cooperative relationship in the fields of economic, cultural, scientific research, and social studies

Gansu:

June 23, 2005, Gansu Province and Tibet autonomous region sign the “Cooperation Framework Agreement” in which Gansu will become the major partnership of Tibet’s mineral processing. August 5, 2005, Gansu Province and Tibet sign, in Lhasa city of Tibet autonomous region, several cooperation agreements, including the “Lhasa-Dunhuang Regional Tourist Cooperation Agreement” (signed by Dunhuang Municipal Government and Lhasa Municipal Tourism Bureau); the “Agreement of Reconstruction and Expansion Project of the Xiang Bala Tibetan Culture Theme Hotel” (signed by the Xiang Bala Industrial Group Corporation of Gansu and the Government of Chengguan District, Lhasa); and the “Agreement of Construction of New Energy and Materials Base and the Expansion Project of 2-Million-Ton Lithium Carbonate” (signed by the Baiyin High-Tech Industrial Park of Gansu province and the Tibet Mineral Development Co., Ltd). July 30, 2012, the Mining Company of Tibet and the Jinchuan Group Limited of Gansu sign a comprehensive strategic cooperation agreement. August 17, 2011, the Gansu Electric Power Company and the Tibet Power Co., Ltd. hold a meeting concerning the operation of the 750 kV/± 400 kV DC Qinghai–Tibet interconnection project; the two sides also reach consensus on other cooperative projects

Guangdong:

August 2, 2005, officials in charge of the publishing industry of Guangdong visit Tibet to implement the pairing-aid activities and to strengthen the two places’ cooperation. August 8–12, 2010, the “Guangdong-Tibet Cooperation Forum” is held in Lhasa city, Tibet. The Guangdong delegation inspects the Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone of Tibet Academy of Agricultural Sciences. For the past 15 years, Guangdong Province has dispatched six batches of 218 cadres to work in Tibet, and provided 1.737 billion yuan of aid (in more than 720 projects) to Tibet autonomous region. October 21, 2010, Nyingchi prefecture of Tibet and Shaoguan city of Guangdong sign a regional tourist cooperation agreement. August 2, 2011, a team led by the Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province visits Nyingchi prefecture of Tibet to inspect the pairing-aid work. Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Science and Technology Bureau of Nyingchi prefecture sign a cooperation agreement. April 28, 2012, the “Nyingchi Investment and Trade Fair” opens. The Bomi county of Tibet and the Pharmaceutical Group of Guangzhou sign a framework agreement concerning the development of Tibetan medicine and pharmacology; the Nyingchi county and the China Travel Service (Group) Co., Ltd. of Guangdong Province sign a strategic cooperation framework agreement concerning the planning and development of the small town of Lulang International tourism in Nyingchi county

Guangxi:

August 2005, the governments of Tibet and Gansu sign a cooperative framework agreement; one important element of this agreement is to strengthen the labor cooperation between the two sides. Now Tibet has hosted more than 60,000 workers from Linxia and more than 25,000 workers from Nanzhou. October 18, 2005, a Tibetan delegation visits Nandan of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region; the two sides reach a cooperation agreement on the joint exploitation of the mineral resources in Tibet autonomous region. August 31, 2006, the Labor and Social Security Department of Tibet autonomous region signs a cooperation framework agreement with Gansu Province. May 29, 2010, the Liaison Office of the Yucai Shareholding Co. Ltd. of Guangxi in Tibet is established in Lhasa city. September 16, 2011, the Inspection and Quarantine Bureaus (IQBs) of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region and Tibet autonomous region sign, in Lhasa, an agreement concerning the strengthening of pairing aid and exchange and the promotion of common prosperity and stability of their respective frontier regions. The two bureaux will implement the national arrangement of the pairing aid to Tibet, which is assigned by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of the PRC. All this will strengthen the exchange and cooperation between, and to promote the common development of, Guangxi and Tibet

Guizhou:

October 2005, the Yibai Company of Giuzhou and the Tibetan Medicine Corporation, two of the well-known medical shareholding enterprises, reach a strategic cooperation framework agreement. November 18, 2006, Yibai Company of Giuzhou and the Tibetan Medicine Corporation decide to jointly bid for the CCTV’s gold time advertisement in 2007, which is successfully done at the price of 116 million yuan. August 6–12, 2011, an oil-crop specialists’ group of Guizhou Province visits Tibet to carry out cooperation between Guizhou and Tibet in the research of rape planting, the introduction and identification of new varieties and the innovation of new germplasm resources. July 25–27, 2012, the Vice President of the Women’s Federation of Guizhou Province visits Lhasa city of Tibet, aiming to strengthen the coordination in the fields of female labor transfer, ethnic embroidery, weaving, and other skill training and to build a mutually beneficial cooperation mechanism in resource sharing

Hainan:

November 12, 2009, a religious delegation composed of 30 Lamas from Tibet visits Sanya city of Hainan Province and conducts cultural exchanges with the Buddhist monks of the Conglin Nanshan Temple at Haitian of Sanya city. August 30, 2010, the Sanya Power Supply Bureau of State Grid Corporation (Hainan Branch) and the Tibet Power Co., Ltd. (Qamdo Branch) hold, in Sanya city of Hainan Province, the signing ceremony of friendly relationship. The Deputy Chief of Sanya Power Supply Bureau and the CCP Committee Members (also the Deputy General Manager) of Tibet Power Company sign the “Agreement Concerning the Establishment of Friendly Business Relationship.” The agreement aims to promote the enterprises’ friendship and ethnic solidarity between Hainan and Tibet, to expand the technological exchange and inter-enterprise cooperation, and to improve enterprise management. March 31, 2011, the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture (CATA, Hainan province) and the Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences sign, in Haikou, a strategic cooperation framework agreement. Under the agreement, the CATA will carry out extensive cooperation with Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences in the fields of discipline construction, talent training, scientific and technological aid to Tibet, project cooperation, and scientific and technological exchange

Hebei:

August 11, 2011, the China Power Investment Corporation, the Hebei Power Co., Ltd., and Tibet autonomous region hold, in Lhasa city, an energy project development forum and sign a strategic cooperation framework agreement. According to the agreement, the former two sides will increase investment in Tibet, so as to develop Tibet’s solar, wind, geothermal, and other clean energies. October 9, 2011, a Hebei provincial government delegation visits Lhasa city of Tibet autonomous region to participate in a pairing-aid forum. The Hebei provincial government presents condolatory fund and materials to Ali prefecture. December 15, 2011, Hebei Province and Tibet autonomous region hold, in Shijiazhuang city of Hebei, a civil aviation forum. Both sides pledge to establish a flight route between Tibet and Hebei, to expand economic cooperation, and to promote the prosperity and stability of Tibet. February 22, 2012, the Press and Publication Bureau of Hebei Province donates 500,000 yuan to the Press and Publication Bureau of Ngari prefecture of Tibet; the two sides establish a long-term pairing aid in personnel training and technological development

Heilongjiang:

June 14, 2011, the Tibet (Rikaze prefecture) Tourism Symposium is held in Harbin city. Heilongjiang Province and Rikaze prefecture reach a consensus on the further strengthening of tourist exchange and cooperation. The two sides will jointly develop tourist products and establish air routes between Rikaze and Harbin and between Harbin and Lhasa (Rikaze). June 15, 2012, in the “China (Harbin) International Economic and Trade Fair,” Tibet autonomous region and Heilongjiang Province hold a meeting on pairing-aid work, aiming to promote the friendship between the two sides and to promote bilateral economic cooperation and cultural exchange; Heilongjiang Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources holds a symposium of mineral resource exploitation with the Rikaze Civil Administration of Tibet, and both sides sign a strategic cooperation framework agreement

Henan:

May 14, 2004, Henan Province and Tibet autonomous region sign a cooperation agreement concerning the conservation of cultural heritages. September 1, 2004, a new class of Tibetan students enters the No. 4 High School of Zhengzhou city (Note: one author of this book was the honor of being their classmate). This is part of China’s long-term pairing-aid program in which Henan Province offers free education for Tibetan students. December 2, 2008, as part of the State Grid’s task, the Power Co. Ltd. of Henan sends technical staff to serve for 1.5 years in the affiliated units of the Tibet Power Co., Ltd. August 8, 2011, the Henan Academy of Geological Survey conducts a joint exploration with its Tibetan pairing and finds a large-size lead–zinc mine and a medium-size silver mine in Goma of Lhari county of Tibet; the estimated reserves are 524,100 tons (lead ore), 107,000 tons (zinc ore), 710.33 tons (silver ore), and 38,600 tons (copper ore), whose average deposit grades are Pb7.48 % Zn1.53 %, Ag101.44 × 10, and Cu0.55 %, respectively

Hubei:

March 19, 2007, the Yarra Xiangbu Industrial Co., Ltd. of Shannan prefecture holds, in Wuhan, a products promotion meeting. January 17–18, 2010, a delegation, led by the Chief of the Shannan Prefectural Civil Affairs Bureau, visits Hubei. The two sides hope to enrich the airing aid and cooperation. August 29, 2010, Shannan prefecture and the Daye Nonferrous Investment Co., Ltd. of Hubei sign a cooperation agreement of large-scale industrial projects. November 28, 2011, the Daohuaxiang Group of Hubei signs investment agreements with Shannan prefecture and Jiacha county of Tibet. The Hubei Group will invest 50 million yuan to build the Wencheng Wine Project in Tibet. May 30, 2012, the “2012 China (Tibet) Yarlung Culture Festival Promotion,” organized by the Shannan Prefectural CCP Committee, Shannan Prefectural Administration Department, sponsored by Cultural Bureau and Tourist Bureau of Shannan prefecture and co-organized by the Aiding-Tibet Office of Hubei Province, is held in Wuhan. July 30, 2012, a medical team of Hubei Province, composed of the Asian Heart Hospital and relevant staff of Hubei Province, visits Nanshan prefecture of Tibet to screen congenital heart diseases and give free treatments

Hunan:

March 2, 2011, the Lightning Protection Center of Hunan Province and the Tibet autonomous region sign, in Lhasa city, a technological cooperation agreement. December 1, 2011, the CCP Secretary and the Governor of Hunan Province meet, in Changsha city of Hunan, a government delegation of Shannan prefecture of Tibet. Both sides have an in-depth exchange in bilateral cooperation and aiding-Tibet works. The delegation also pays an inspection to Shaoshan, Xiangtan, Changsha, Changde, Yueyang, and Zhuzhou of Hunan Province. April 27, 2012, a large economic and trade fair and the signing ceremony of project agreement, sponsored by the Hunan Provincial Department of Commerce and the Department of Commerce of Tibet autonomous region, are held in Changsha city of Hunan. The 5100 Tibet Glacier Mineral Water Company signs a cooperation agreement with the Shengdong Trade Co., Ltd. of and the Yiqingyuan Tea Industry Co., Ltd. of Hunan, with a total contracted value of 40 million yuan. The two sides open a new round of pairing-aid cooperation. September 20, 2012, Hunan Vocational Technical School of Mass Media donates more than 400 books to Tibet College of Nationalities; the two sides also sign a pairing-aid framework agreement

Inner Mongolia:

December 22, 2005, Inner Mongolia and Tibet hold in Hohhot city of Inner Mongolia, an exchange and cooperation forum. The Vice Chairmen of the two regions sign a scientific and technological cooperation agreement. September 22, 2011, the Laoniu (old ox) Foundation of Inner Mongolia joins the public project of Aiding-Tibet Development Foundation. The Foundation donates 740,000 yuan. The Aiding-Tibet Development Foundation is nation’s only privately owned foundation in Tibet. Founded in 1987, and without any political attachment, it has received capitals and supplies amounting to a total value of 200 million yuan. The Foundation has carried out 824 aid projects, involving culture, education, health, poverty and disaster relief, technology, economic, and ecological and environmental protection

Jiangsu:

April 3–4, 2007, the Jiangsu and Lhasa governments sign the “2006–2008 Pairing Aid Construction Project Agreements.” August 2010, the Productivity Promotion Centers of Jiangsu and Tibet sign a cooperation agreement; the Jiangsu Center will volunteer technical supports (including personnel training, R&D, project assessment and counseling and training) to the Tibet Center. September 3–9, 2010, the Maritime Bureaux of Jiangsu and Tibet become pairing-aid partnerships during 2010–2014. May 23, 2011, the Jiangsu Jianghuai Power Co., Ltd. acquires the Tibet Zhongkai (Holdings) Co., Ltd. September 2011, the Jiangsu Nantong Middle School and Tibet sign an agreement; The School will host 85 Tibetan students per year. September 9–22, 2011, Jiangsu Province, the Blood Center of Tibet autonomous region, and Health Department of Tibet sign the “Agreement Concerning the Pairing-Aid Work of Blood Supply and Collection,” aiming to ensure blood supply to Tibet. March 6, 2012, Jiangsu Institute of Animal and Husbandry and Tibet Collage of Professional Technology sign a cooperation agreement. August 16, 2012, Jiangsu Province and the Audio-Visual Library of Tibet sign a cooperation agreement concerning the joint promotion of regional educational informatization

Jiangxi:

2001, the Jiangxi Provincial Government Office establishes the leading team of Tibet pairing aid. December 21, 2009, the “Summary and Exchange Meeting of the National Education Assistance for Tibet” is held in Nanchang city of Jiangxi. According to statistics, from 2007 to 2009, Tibet has received 275 million yuan of aid via a total of 474 projects, with 136,400 sq. m of campuses and dormitories being built and nearly 2,000 teachers and staff being trained. The provinces from all over China have donated 530,000 books and dispatched nearly 980 teachers and cadres to Tibet. April 26, 2012, the Jiangxi Provincial Transportation and Communication Department, the Jiangxi Vocational and Technical College, and the Tianlu Co., Ltd. of Tibet hold a signing ceremony of the school-enterprise cooperation. The Jiangxi School will continue to host the Tianlu Tibetan Class. July 7, 2012, the Tibet Department of Education, the Tibetan Medicine College of Tibet, and Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine hold a symposium concerning the joint training of marketing talents in Tibetan medicine, aiming to implement the central government’s decision on pairing-aid work. August 19, 2012, Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Tibet College of Tibetan Medicine pledge to jointly establish a research center on traditional Chinese and Tibetan folk medicine resources

Jilin:

October 25, 2002, Jilin Province and Tibet autonomous region pledge to strengthen ethnic friendship and to promote economic and social development in Tibet. June 25, 2004, a second team of Jilin’s aiding-Tibet cadres arrives in Xigaze, Tibet. September–October, 2004, Jilin’s aiding-Tibet cadres carry out the “solar stove project” in Dinggye, Saga and Kuala of Tibet. The project costs two million yuan, and 4,000 farmers and herdsmen will benefit from it. August 26–29, 2006, the Everest Cultural Tourism Festival is held in the Tibetan Folk Customs Garden of Xigaze prefecture (Tibet). The Garden is part of the pairing-aid program provided by Jilin Province; the total investment of the program is 33 million yuan. October 13, 2008, 15 high-school teachers from Xigaze of Tibet and backbone teachers from Northeast Normal University of Jilin carry out one-month training course. This is an important part of the pairing-aid cooperation between Jilin and Tibet. The Educational Science School of Northeast Normal University, the Affiliated High School of Northeast Normal University, and the schools appointed by Education Department of Changchun city participate in the cooperation. November 18, 2010, the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of Jilin and Xigaze Institute of Agricultural Research of Tibet sign a cooperation agreement on potato production technology. September 13, 2011, Jilin’s pairing-aid project (entitled “Medical Care Training Course”) to Xigaze prefecture of Tibet is launched in the CCP School of Liaoyuan city, Jilin Province

Liaoning:

March 22, 2011, Liaoning Province carry out pairing-aid work to Tibet; Liaoning decides to provide over 200,000 yuan per year to Nagqu prefecture, mainly used for bilateral cooperation projects and staff training. May 15, 2011, the Liaoning headquarters for the pairing aid to Nagqu visits Nagqu prefecture to inspect the hospital relocation project and the CCP School construction project; the two projects will cost 59.09 million yuan. August 15, 2012, the comprehensive vocational training center of the aiding Nagqu (Tibet) project, invested by the Human Resource and Social Security Department of Liaoning Province, starts. This project will cost 2.3 million yuan, mainly focusing the professional trainings of automotive repair, electric, and electronic, Tibetan home knitting, Tibetan painting, and Tibetan sewing embroidery. September 9, 2012, a delegation, led the Director of the Economic Cooperation Office (the office of pairing aid to Tibet) of Liaoning, visits Nagqu prefecture to inspect the progress of the Liaoning-aided projects including the “Liaoning Departments,” the Tibetan Hospital and the CCP School Administration Building

Ningxia:

November 3, 2009, the Ningxia Electric Power Company and the Tibet Power Co., Ltd. sign a strategic cooperation framework agreement. The two sides will further consolidate bilateral linkage and promote exchange and cooperation; aiming to speed up the construction of smart grid. Before 2020, the construction of China’s smart grid will cost about 200 billion yuan. July 31, 2012, the Mobile Learning Service Center is established in Lhasa of Tibet, which is jointly invested by Tibet University and Ningxia University. The center provides service in Qamdo, Nyingchi, Ali, Rikaze, and Lhasa of Tibet autonomous region and Guyuan and Shizuishan and Yinchuan of Ningxia. The project aims to build a multimode and multichannel platform of modern distant education, to transmit digitized quality education resources and to better serve the economic and social development of minority areas in Western China. May 9, 2012, from January to April, Ningxia has transmitted a total amount of 220 million kw h of electricity to Tibet, which accounts for 28 % of Tibet’s total electricity need. Different from Ningxia, Tibet is abundant in hydropower resources (except for the dry season) but lacks coal and petroleum. For the 12th five-year plan period (2011–2015), Ningxia will provide Tibet 4 billion kw h of electricity. This will not only completely resolve Tibet’s power shortage during the dry season, but it will also reduce 3.55 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually

Qinghai:

September 4, 2005, Qinghai Province and Tibet autonomous region sign, in Lhasa city, a framework cooperation agreement. Under the agreement, the two sides will make use of their comparative advantages to enhance the exchange and cooperation in economic, trade, cultural, and other fields and to jointly build the Qinghai–Tibet Economic Cooperation Zone. March 18, 2008, the China Telecom Tibet Company and the China Communications Services Co., Ltd. Qinghai Company sign a strategic cooperation framework agreement. September 16, 2010, Qamdo of Tibet and Yushu of Qinghai sign a tourism strategic cooperation agreement; the two sides will implement the “General Development Plan of the China Shangri-la Ecological Tourism Zone.” October 11, 2010, the Meteorological Observatories of Tibet and Qinghai sign the “Technological Cooperation Work Framework Agreement.” The two sides will carry out cooperation in data sharing, technological exchange, scientific research, weather alarm, etc., aiming to further explore the climate change and its physical mechanism in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. November 26, 2010, the governments of Tibet autonomous region and Qinghai Province sign, in Xining city, the “Agreement Concerning the Cooperative Construction of the Coordinative Leadership Mechanism in the Golmud Tibet-Qinghai Industrial Park”

Shaanxi:

July 25, 2009, the Entry-Exit IQBs of Shaanxi and Tibet sign the “Memorandum of Shaanxi’s Exports of Fruit via the Tibet Port.” April 27, 2010, the State Development Bank Shaanxi Branch and Tibet Nationalities College sign an agreement on development and cooperation of ethnic career; the two sides establish a national unity education base. October 29, 2010, the Administration of Quality and Technical Supervisions of Tibet and Shaanxi hold, in Lhasa city, a signing ceremony of memorandum of cooperation to aid Tibet. Shaanxi will strengthen aid to Tibet in financial assistance, project support, technical guidance, and personnel training. April 12–30, 2012, Xi’an city of Shaanxi holds the “Personnel Training Courses” in Ali prefecture of Tibet. August 16, 2012, the Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology and the Tibet Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology sign, in Lhasa city, Tibet, a cooperation agreement on cultural relic and archeological research, covering training and personnel exchange, equipment supply, and literature exchange. The two sides will cooperate in the subjects of the “Tibet’s Tibetan Buddhist Statues” and the “Archaeological Investigation and Research of Large Cemeteries in the Tubo Period.” September 7, 2012, Shaanxi Salt Bureau donates 300,000 yuan to the Salt Industry Corporation of Tibet autonomous region

Shandong:

July 1991, a Tibetan middle school in Shandong Province is established in Ji’nan city; it, as one of the pairing-aid projects of Shandong province, is the only specialized boarding school recruiting students from Tibet. April 9, 2007, an aiding-Tibet work forum of Shandong Province is held in Ji’nan city. According to Statistics, Shandong has completed 755 pairing-aid projects, with a total investment of 930 million yuan. January 6, 2011, Shandong University and Tibet University sign an interschool cooperation agreement. Tibet University has received aid from a number of high-level universities for more than a decade. January 7, 2011, Shandong and Tibet sign, in Ji’nan city, a cooperation agreement concerning personnel training in tourism and hotels. April 28, 2011, the scenic spots of Yarlung River, Lake Namtso, Mt. Tanggula and Nujiang Headstream of Tibet, and the Taishan Mountain scenic spots of Shandong sign a pairing-aid agreement. August 25, 2011, the Administration of Quality and Technical Supervisions of Shandong Province and of Rikaze prefecture of Tibet sign an agreement; Shandong will provide assistance in project construction and personnel training. September 8, 2012, a delegation of the China (Shandong) Science and Technology Association signs a friendship agreement with Rikaze. Both sides hope to strengthen technological cooperation in agriculture and energy. November 2, 2012, 115 Tibetans with congenital heart diseases from Namling, Nyalam, and Panam Counties of Rikaze arrive in Ji’nan city for free treatments

Shanghai:

June 7, 2010, the Association of Industry and Commerce of Tibet, the Shanghai Media and Entertainment Group, and the Shanghai Association of Newspaper Industry sign, in Shanghai, a cooperation framework agreement, aiming to support Tibet’s private enterprises which have comparative advantages to enter Shanghai and other developed region in the Yangtze River Delta. September 21, 2010, the Lhasa (Shanghai) tourism promotion is held in Shanghai. The Tourism Bureaux of the two places sign a memorandum of cooperation. November 10, 2010, Shanghai and Rikaze prefecture sign a sanitation aid agreement. Under the agreement, Shanghai will provide equipments for Xigaze health sectors. Shanghai also donates one million yuan of disease control equipments to Xigaze. January 17 2011, Tongzhou School of Shanghai and the No. 2 Primary School of Chenguan District (Lhasa) establish friendly school relations. The two sides announce the “2011 Pando Education Fund.” August 29, 2012, the “Meeting of Aiding-Tibet Work of Dungkar (Doilungdêgên county of Lhasa city) Power Generation Co. Ltd.,” organized by the State Grid Corporation, is held in Lhasa. The Shanghai Electric Power Company and others will provide aid to the Tibet Power Company; the two sides also sign a technological aid agreement. September 3, 2012, the Jianshe Road and Bridge Machinery Co., Ltd. of Shanghai will provide the equipments for the 2000 tons/day cement clinker dry production line for Tibet

Shanxi:

September 1985, the first batch of 1,301 Tibetan students, from seven cities (or prefectures) of Tibet, enter 17 high schools of 16 provinces (or cities) including Shanxi; this is part of the nationwide aiding-Tibet work. May 14, 2007, Pingyang county of Shanxi Province and Jiali county of Tibet hold, in Lhasa city, a pairing-aid symposium. Shanxi will further implement aid work. December 11, 2009, the Shanxi Electric Power Corporation helps to train, in the training bases of substation simulation of and transmission lines of Datong city and Linfen city, 60 technical workers from the Tibet Power Company. This is the first time that the two companies carry out training cooperation. April 21, 2010, a delegation of the Electric Power Corporation of Shanxi visits the Electric Power Corporation of Tibet for the aid work in Tibet. March 27, 2012, at the Affiliated High School of Shanxi University, more than 200 students and teachers of Tibetan Classes hold the “Serfs Emancipation Day”

Sichuan:

July 12, 2006, the Tibet government and Sichuan University sign, in Lhasa, a comprehensive cooperation agreement. January 17, 2012, Sichuan and Tibet pledge to cooperate in infrastructure construction, processing of agricultural products, exploitation of mineral resources, tourism, maintenance of social stability, and others. March 14, 2012, Ya’an city of Sichuan and Lhasa city of Tibet autonomous region sign, in Beijing, a regional cooperation framework agreement. The two sides will jointly develop the Tibetan Tea market, aiming to transform their resource advantages to economic benefits. In 2008, the Ya’an tea production technique has been included in China’s national nonmaterial cultural heritage lists. April 9, 2012, the Bureaux of Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information of Sichuan and Tibet sign, in Chengdu, a strategic cooperation agreement. May 28, 2012, Tibet and Sichuan will strengthen cooperation in R&D of Tibetan medicine, personnel exchange, management of emergent affair, and others. July 12, 2012, the Frontier Defense Corps of the Public Security Bureaux of Tibet and Sichuan sign, in Chengdu, an agreement concerning the joint law enforcement on illegal immigration activities. August 2, 2012, Tibet and Sichuan sign a cooperation agreement on agriculture and animal husbandry. September 30, 2012, the Commercial Departments of Tibet and Sichuan sign in, Chengdu city, a commercial cooperation agreement. Both sides will carry out cooperation in domestic trade, logistics and circulation, trade channel construction in South Asia, foreign trade, etc.

Tianjin:

1994, at the third round of aiding-Tibet conference sponsored by the central government, Tianjin, and Changdu of Tibet establish pairing-aid relationships. As of 2010, Tianjin had donated a total value of 511 million yuan, including materials and funds to Changdu; 60 aid projects were completed, including infrastructure construction, new rural reconstruction, the Jinchang Bridge, the Tianjin Square of Lancang River area, the Songda Power Station in Changdu, and the Jinchang Sport Center. June 27, 2011, Tianjin Vocational Normal University and Tibet sign a cooperation agreement on joint education. According to the agreement, the University will provide tuitions, living expenses, and scholarships for the Tibetan students. September 5, 2011, the Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision (AQTS) of Tianjin and Lhasa city of Tibet sign an agreement concerning the implementation of a new round of pairing-aid work deployed by the Tianjin municipal CCP committee, the Tianjin municipal government, and the General AQTS of the PRC. August 30, 2012, the first batch of Tianjin’s medical care team visits Changdu, Jiangda, and Dingqing of Tibet; the team will carry out compulsory treatment for the children who have congenital heart diseases

Xinjiang:

August 29, 2003, the National Nature Reserve Management Office of Aerjin Mountain of Xinjiang, the National Nature Reserve Management Bureau of Qiangtang of Tibet, and other two National Nature Reserve Management Bureaux (Kekexili and the water source of the three Rivers of Yangtze, Yellow and Mekong) jointly sign a memorandum of information exchange and cooperation of Tibetan antelopes protection, aiming to strengthen the protection of the Tibetan antelope, to strengthen supervision and enforcement of the crime activities, such as smuggling and sales of Tibetan antelope products, and to effectively curb illegal and criminal activities in the protected areas. April 10, 2006, the Geological Exploitation Bureaux of Tibet and Xinjiang autonomous regions and the China Geological Survey Bureau sign an agreement of wild workstation management, aiming to strengthen the safety of scientific investigation activities in wild areas. November 11, 2010, the Customers’ Committees (or Associations) of Xinjiang and Tibet jointly hold a conference on the protection of consumers’ rights and sign an agreement. According to the agreement, the Consumers’ Committee of any side which receives the complaints from other five sides should promptly investigate, handle, and report the treatment progress or suggestions to the complaint side as soon as possible

Yunnan:

September 16, 2010, Diqing Tibetan autonomous prefecture of Yunnan and Changdu prefecture of Tibet sign a strategic cooperation agreement to jointly develop tourist routes to eliminate the interregional barriers of policy, market, traffic, and service in tourism. December 5, 2011, the Datang (Yunnan) International Hydropower Development Corporation in the upper reaches of the Nu River and the Yadong county of Rikaze prefecture (Tibet) sign a cooperation agreement on the Yadong solar energy project. Both sides will build the solar energy generator in Pali, Duina, and other towns in the northern high altitude areas of Yadong county. According to the agreement, the first phase of the photovoltaic power plant has the capacity of more than 100 MW. October 20, 2012, the Procuratorates of Nujiang Lisu autonomous prefecture of Yunnan Province and Linzhi prefecture of Tibet autonomous region sign, in Linzhi Town, a framework agreement on attorney coordination; both sides will strengthen cooperation to prevent and combat cross-border crimes

Zhejiang:

September 2, 2006, a 100-people team of the Hongwuhuan Mechanical Co. Ltd. of Zhejiang visits Naqu prefecture of Tibet and establishes a long-term pairing-aid relationship with No. 3 Primary School of Naqu. The Company also calls for its staff to establish the one-to-one aid relations with dozens of the orphans of the School. September 22, 2011, the blood centers of Zhejiang and Tibet sign an agreement concerning blood collection and supply, aiming to meet the demand of clinical-used blood in Tibet. March 30, 2012, the management scheme of Zhejiang’s pairing-aid projects to Naqu prefecture (including Naqu, Biru and Jiali Counties) is enacted. June 9, 2012, at the “2012 Zhejiang Investment and Trade Fair and the Mid-West Industrial Development Seminar,” Naqu of Tibet holds a project introduction and investment promotion meeting; Zhejiang and Tibet sign four cooperation agreements. August 28, 2012, Tibet’s arts workers hold a series of the performances in Zhejiang, aiming to acknowledge Zhejiang’s pairing aid to Tibet. September 14, 2012, the Haining Municipal Bureau of Justice of Zhejiang and the Judicial Office of Naqu prefecture of Tibet sign a website construction agreement; Zhejiang will help Tibet to build the first law popularization website