Abstract
Radiology has evolved over the past 120 years since it was introduced by Wilhelm Röentgen. Photomultipliers, which enable visualization of weak photons to improve diagnostic radiology, were invented in 1955. Since 1961, remotely operated X-ray fluoroscopy has been developed; this was followed by widespread clinical application of the image intensifier (I.I.) system for analog fluoroscopy in the 1980s. Ten years after, fluoroscopy was further enhanced by image intensifier digital radiography (IIDR), which began to be utilized in the clinics in the 1990s.
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Kitagawa, M., Kouno, Y. (2017). Development of X-Ray Fluoroscopy Devices. In: Izumo, T., Sasada, S., Aso, T., Nasu, K., Arai, Y. (eds) Respiratory Endoscopy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-916-5_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-916-5_2
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