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Base-Catalyzed Reactions in Biomass Conversion: Reaction Mechanisms and Catalyst Deactivation

  • Chapter
Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion I

Part of the book series: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology ((GCST))

Abstract

Although less studied than acid-catalyzed reactions, mainly because of their marginal interest in petrochemical processes, base-catalyzed reactions (either homogeneous or heterogeneous) play a key role in the upgrading of biomass-derived platform molecules. As in most of the chemical processes, the replacement of homogeneous catalysts by heterogeneous catalysts is of key interest. This article reviews the state of the art in the most important base-catalyzed reactions in the biofuel manufacture (biodiesel from triglycerides) and the upgrading of biomass-derived platform molecules (such as acetone, ethanol, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, or acetic acid). Transesterification reactions, aldol condensation (alone or in combination with other reactions), and ketonization are the main reactions involved in these biorefinery processes. Reviewed are the most common catalysts proposed for these reactions (mainly heterogeneous), as well as the proposed mechanisms for these reactions, and the main factors governing catalyst deactivation when used in each of these reactions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain

    Laura Faba, Eva Díaz & Salvador Ordóñez

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  1. Laura Faba
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  2. Eva Díaz
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  3. Salvador Ordóñez
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Correspondence to Salvador Ordóñez .

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    Marcel Schlaf

  2. Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China

    Z. Conrad Zhang

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Faba, L., Díaz, E., Ordóñez, S. (2016). Base-Catalyzed Reactions in Biomass Conversion: Reaction Mechanisms and Catalyst Deactivation. In: Schlaf, M., Zhang, Z. (eds) Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion I. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-688-1_5

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