Abstract
Indonesia is blessed with abundant natural and energy resources. The natural and energy resources consist of mine, natural gas, and oil which spread out in all of regions of Indonesia. Nowadays, the development of mining activity is more rapid and useful. Yet, most of the companies possess lack of intention to fulfill the liabilities, in terms of arrangement, maintenance, recovery, and also environmental protection. Many victims got the negative impact because of the activities done by the mining companies which did not conduct the liabilities. One of the problems is the post-mining reclamation process. The paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of the administrative sanctions of post-mining reclamation process and the role of criminal sanctions on it. The method used is a normative legal research with descriptive quality. The legal basis of the paper is the Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mining and Coals, Government Regulation No. 78 of 2010 on Reclamation and Post-Mining, and some particular regulation related to the issues. As a result, this paper finds whether or not the administrative sanctions are effective to solve the environmental damage to post-mining through reclamation. The paper also suggests an idea on the enforcement of criminal sanctions for companies which made the environmental damage and/or did not conduct the reclamation process.
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Notes
- 1.
Sacha et al. [6, p. 7].
- 2.
Ref. [19].
- 3.
Ibrahim [3, pp. 301–302].
- 4.
Ref. [15, in Article 1, Paragraph (1)].
- 5.
Ref. [14].
- 6.
Mining Permit, referred to Mining Business License (IUP) and Special Mining Business License (IUPK), People Mining License (IPR) holders of Production Operation Mining Business Licenses (Production Operation IUP) and Production Operation Special Mining Business Licenses (Production Operation IUPK).
- 7.
Ibid.
- 8.
Ibid.
- 9.
Ibid.
- 10.
Musa [5].
- 11.
Minister Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources 2014, Op. Cit.
- 12.
Ibid.
- 13.
Saxena [10, p. 4].
- 14.
Mahadli [4].
- 15.
Silalahi [9, p. 3].
- 16.
Samaha [8, p. 3].
- 17.
Hadjon [1, paper was presented at the Faculty of Law Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, p. 1].
- 18.
Saleng [7, p. 175].
- 19.
Ref. [11].
- 20.
Ref. [13].
- 21.
Hadjon [1, Op. Cit, p. 174].
- 22.
Hamzah [2, p. 61].
- 23.
Ref. [16].
References
Books and Journals
Hadjon, Philiphus M, 1995, Penegakan Hukum Administrasi dalam Pengelolaan Lingkungan, Yogyakarta, Makalah FH-UII.
Hamzah, Andi, 1995, Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan, Jakarta, Arikha Media Cipta.
Ibrahim, Johnni, 2006, Teori dan Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Malang, Bayu Media.
Mahadli, Zulkifli, 2013, Simposium Nasional Pertambangan, Jakarta, Asosiasi Pemerintah Kabupaten Indonesia (APKASI).
Musa, Ali Masykur, 2013, Keynote Speech at International Seminar and Workshop on Wetlands Environmental Management, Banjarmasin, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat.
Sacha, Winzanried et al., 2012, Mining in Indonesia Investment and Taxation Guide, Indonesia, PwC (Price Water House Coopers) Mining Publications.
Saleng, Abrar, 2004, Hukum Pertambangan, Makassar, UII Press.
Samaha, Joel, 1999, Criminal Law 6th Edition, United State, Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Silalahi, M. Daud, 1996, Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia Melalui Peningkatan Kesadaran Hukum, Bandung, Journal of Padjajaran University, Nomor 3 Vol. 14.
Saxena, N C, Centre of Mining Environment, Dhanbad (Jharkhand), Indian School of Mines.
Legislations
Law No. 32 of 2009 on Management and Protection of Environment.
Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mining and Coals.
Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Liabilty Companies.
Government Regulation No. 78 of 2010 on Reclamation and Post-Mining.
Minister Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 7 of 2014 on the Implementation of Post-Mining Reclamation and Operations Mineral and Coal Mining.
Local Government Regulation of Tanah Bumbu Regions No. 12 of 2012 on Reclamation and Post-Mining
Internet
http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/09/20/206515340/BPKi-196-Ribu-Hektare-Bekas-Tambang-Menganga, last viewed on April 11th, 2014, at 5.13 pm.
http://www.majalahtambang.com/detail_berita.php?category=18&newsnr=8326, last viewed on April 10th 2014, at 10.12 pm.
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/01/gold/larmer-text/6, last viewed on April 9th 2014, at 9.22 pm.
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Gunawan, Y., Putra, A., Arumbinang, M.H. (2017). Optimization of Law Enforcement on Reclamation Process in Indonesia. In: Taufik, T., et al. ICoSI 2014. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-661-4_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-661-4_20
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