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The Malaria Landscape: Mosquitoes, Transmission, Landscape, Insecticide Resistance, and Integrated Control in Thailand

  • Chapter
Socio-Ecological Dimensions of Infectious Diseases in Southeast Asia

Abstract

This chapter presents results on the effect of land use on malaria vector density, species diversity, and insecticide resistance in northern Thailand. Entomological data from 1977 to 1999 was analysed to understand spatio-temporal variations in vector density and potential effects on malaria transmission. Landscape analysis can potentially be used as a tool in vector control strategy development, particularly to understand local vector behaviour and habitat characteristics for stratification of vector control areas. Our results show that an increase in landscape diversity, particularly forest fragmentation, reduces malaria vector diversity and density. Such land use changes in non-malaria transmission areas were the potential cause for reductions in malaria mosquito densities. Similar land use changes were not observed in areas with permanent malaria transmission. The landscape analysis further shows that agricultural intensification increases the likelihood of insecticide resistance development in malaria mosquitoes. We therefore argue for intersectoral collaboration, especially between the public health and agricultural sectors, to develop and implement integrated insecticide resistance management plans and integrated control. Integration of pest and vector control strategies should build on the integrated pest and vector management (IPVM) strategies described in this chapter. Such a strategy should be implemented through the Farmer Field School approach. For future research topics we suggest studies on the bionomics of the sibling species of the malaria vectors in the region to more effectively implement vector control actions. Furthermore, the effect of IPVM strategies on vector populations and disease outcome should be evaluated through large-scale trials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematical and Technological Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway

    Hans J. Overgaard

  2. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (IRD 224-CNRS 5290 UM1-UM2), Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Hans J. Overgaard

  3. Department of Entomology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Hans J. Overgaard

  4. Office of Disease Prevention and Control #10, Ministry of Public Health, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Wannapa Suwonkerd

  5. School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitative Sciences, James Cook University, 4811, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Jeffrey Hii

  6. Malaria Consortium Asia, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajavidhi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Jeffrey Hii

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  1. Hans J. Overgaard
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  2. Wannapa Suwonkerd
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  3. Jeffrey Hii
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Correspondence to Hans J. Overgaard .

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  1. CNRS ISEM - CIRAD AGIRs, Centre d'Infectiologie Christophe Mérieux du Laos, Vientiane, Laos

    Serge Morand

  2. Institut de Recherches pour le Développement, IRD, UMR17 IRD-CIRAD INTERTRYP, Montpellier, France

    Jean-Pierre Dujardin

  3. Haut Conseil de la santé publique, Ministère des affaires sociales et de la santé, Paris, France

    Régine Lefait-Robin

  4. Department of Medical Entomolgy, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Chamnarn Apiwathnasorn

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Overgaard, H.J., Suwonkerd, W., Hii, J. (2015). The Malaria Landscape: Mosquitoes, Transmission, Landscape, Insecticide Resistance, and Integrated Control in Thailand. In: Morand, S., Dujardin, JP., Lefait-Robin, R., Apiwathnasorn, C. (eds) Socio-Ecological Dimensions of Infectious Diseases in Southeast Asia. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-527-3_9

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