Skip to main content

Anxiety in Learning English Among Low Achievers: The Questions of Gender, Language Preference and Academic Performance

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Abstract

In Malaysia, learning English is considered difficult and anxiety provoking by many learners. This can be seen by the fact that many Malaysian graduates, despite their 11-year formal exposure to the language, still lack English communicative ability and this may limit their employment opportunity. Learning second language could undoubtedly incite anxiety among learners, and this situation varies from one learner to another. This is more prevalent among low achievers who have to adapt to the new learning environment where English is used as a medium of instruction. This paper discovers English learning anxiety among low achievers studying at Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang (UiTM Pahang). It also looks at the possible connection between the anxious feelings that may exist among these students and their gender, academic achievement prior to their admission to UiTM and their language preference at home and with friends.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993, June). On the measurement of affective variables in second language learning. Language Learning, 43(2), 157–194. Available: http.onlinelibrary.wiley.com. doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1992.tb00714.x. Accessed 12 May 2011.

  2. Alpert, R., & Haber, R. N. (1960, September). Anxiety in academic achievement situations. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61(12), 207–215. Available: PsycARTICLES. doi:10.1037/h0045464. Accessed 23 Sept 2012.

  3. Casado, M. A., & Dereshiwsky, M. I. (2001, December). Foreign language anxiety of university students. College Student Journal, 35(4), 539. Available: FreePatentsOnline.com. Accessed 23 Aug 2012.

  4. Hauck, M., & Hurd, S. (2005). Exploring the link between language anxiety and learner self-management in open language learning contexts. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-learning, 2005(2). Available: http://oro.open.ac.uk/3542/1/Hurdeurodl.pdf. Accessed 10 May 2011.

  5. Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. A. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125–132. Available: http.onlinelibrary.wiley.com. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1986.tb05256.x. Accessed 10 May 2011.

  6. Bailey, K. (1983). Competitiveness and anxiety in adult second language learning: Looking at and through the diary studies. In H. Seliger & M. Long (Eds.), Classroom oriented research in second language acquisition (pp. 67–102). Rowley: Mass Newbury House.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ohata, K. (2005, December). Potential sources of anxiety for Japanese learners in English: Preliminary case interviews with five Japanese college students in the U. S. TESL-EJ, 9(3), 1–21. Available: http://www.cc.kyoto-su.ac.jp/information/tesl-ej/ej35/a3.pdf. Accessed 10 Sept 2012.

  8. Liu, M., & Huang, W. (2011). An exploration of foreign language anxiety and English learning motivation. Education Research International, 2011, 1–8. Available: Hindawi Publishing Corporation. doi:10.1155/2011/493167. Accessed 10 May 2011.

  9. Hurd, S., & Xiao, J. (2010). Anxiety and affective control among distance language learners in China and the UK. RELC Journal, 41(2), 183–200. Available: relsagepub.com. doi:10.1177/0033688210373640. Accessed 12 May 2011.

  10. Andrade, M., & Williams, K. (2009). Foreign language learning anxiety in Japanese EFL university classes: Physical, emotional, expressive, and verbal reactions. Sophia Junior College Faculty Journal, 29, 1–24. Available: http://www.jrc.sophia.ac.jp. Accessed 23 Aug 2012.

  11. Matsuda, S., & Gobel, P. (2004, August). Anxiety and predictors of performance in the foreign language classroom. System, 32(1), 21–36. Available: www.elsevier.com/locate/system. doi:10.1016/j.system.2003.08.002. Accessed 29 Sept. 2012.

  12. Ariffin, K., & Baharum, N. D. (2012). Anxiety in learning English among students of the Mengubah Destini Anak Bangsa (MDAB) Programme in Universiti Teknologi MARA. Proceedings of Seminar Kebangsaan Mengubah Destini Anak Bangsa (SKMDAB), UiTM Cawangan Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, pp. 313–321.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ariffin, K., Idris, S. L., & Yaacob, Z. (2008). Examining the language learning anxiety of ESL students in Universiti Teknologi MARA. Proceedings of national seminar on science, technology & social sciences, Kuantan, Pahang, pp. 907–916.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Yaakub, N. F., Mahyuddin, R., & Elias, H. (2005). Anxiety in learning English. In H. Elias, Z. A. L. Pihie, & R. Mahyuddin (Eds.), Competencies needed by teachers (pp. 25–35). Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Mohd Zin, Z., & Rafik-Galea, S. (2008). Anxiety and comprehension performance among ESL learners. Presented at Malaysia’s international conference on language teaching, Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Marwan, A. (2007). Investigating students’ foreign language anxiety. Malaysian Journal of ELT Research, 3, 37–55. Available: www.melta.org.my. Accessed 23 Aug 2012.

  17. Brown, L. (2008). Language and anxiety: An ethnographic study of international postgraduate students. Evaluation & Research in Education, 21(2), 75–95. Available: http.www.ebscohost.com. doi:10.1080/09500790802152167. Accessed 23 Aug 2012.

  18. Dewaele, J. M. (2002, March). Psychological and sociodemographic correlates of communicative anxiety in L2 and L3 production. International Journal of Bilingualism, 6(1), 23–38. Available: http://www.sagepublications.com. doi:10.1177/13670069020060010201. Accessed 12 May 2011.

  19. MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44(2), 283–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Amiryousefi, M., & Tavakoli, M. (2011). The relationship between test anxiety, motivation and MI and the TOEFL iBT reading, listening and writing scores. Procedia Social and Behavioral Science, 15(2011), 210–214. Available: www.sciencedirect.com. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.075. Accessed 29 Sept 2012.

  21. Hashemi, M. (2011). Language stress and anxiety among the English language learners. Procedia Social and Behavioral Science, 30(2011), 1811–1816. Available: www.sciencedirect.com. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.349. Accessed 16 Aug 2012.

  22. Pappamihiel, N. E. (2002, February). English as a second language students and language anxiety: Issues in the mainstream classroom. Research in the Teaching of English, 36(3), 327–325. Available: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/40171530?uid=3738672&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21101088974353. Accessed 16 Aug 2012.

  23. Cheng, R., & Erben, A. (2011, September). Language anxiety: Experiences of Chinese graduate students at U. S. higher institutions. Journal of Studies in International Education, 16(5), 477–497. Available: http://jsi.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/09/15/1028315311421841. Accessed 21 Aug 2012.

  24. Unruh, S. M., & Lowe, P. A. (2010, January). The development and validation of a Spanish language version of the test anxiety inventory for children and adolescents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 32(1), 164–183. Available: http://www.sagepublications.com. doi:10.1177/0739986309355129. Accessed 29 Sept 2012.

  25. Mak, B. (2011, May). An exploration of speaking-in-class anxiety with Chinese ESL learners. System, 39(2011), 202–214. Available: www.sciencedirect.com. doi:10.1016/j.system.2011.04.002. Accessed 16 Aug 2012.

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study is supported by the Research Management Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, under the Excellence Fund Grant, Project No. 600-RMI/SSP/DANA 5/3/Dsp (260/2011). The authors would also like to thank Puan Nor Lailatul Azilah Hamdzah for her assistance during the preliminary stage of the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Norzie Diana Baharum .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this paper

Cite this paper

Baharum, N.D., Ariffin, K. (2014). Anxiety in Learning English Among Low Achievers: The Questions of Gender, Language Preference and Academic Performance. In: Kasim, A., Wan Omar, W., Abdul Razak, N., Wahidah Musa, N., Ab. Halim, R., Mohamed, S. (eds) Proceedings of the International Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (ICSTSS) 2012. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-077-3_36

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics