Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is one of the most complex environments in the body that is colonized by trillions of microorganisms, including viruses, archaea, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Among these, bacteria are considered to be the major inhabitants. The human gut microbiota plays an important role in healthy individuals and are intricately involved in the pathogenesis of many GIT diseases, including cancer. According to global cancer statistics of 2018, GIT cancers have high incidence and mortality rates. Indeed, disturbances in the gut microbiota have been described in several GIT cancers like stomach cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The gut microbiota also releases substances that have anticancer activity, such as toxin molecules, peptides, bacteriocins, spores, and enzymes. Furthermore, gut microbiota exhibits anticancer activity through different mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, improving the host immunity, and through decreasing the tumor metabolic and proliferation factors. In this chapter, we discuss the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of different GIT cancers while additionally highlighting evidence that underscores the influence that the gut microbiome has on the application of immunotherapies, a promising and a rapidly advancing cancer treatment approach. The authors ultimately aim to highlight potentially relevant diagnostic and therapeutic clinical applications that will help advance the prevention and treatment of GIT cancers.
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Chowdhury, G., Ramamurthy, D. (2022). The Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Current Status and Therapeutic Perspectives. In: Thomas, S. (eds) Human Microbiome . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7672-7_4
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