Skip to main content

Building Floating Aquaculture Farms with Expanded Polystyrene in Singapore

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
WCFS2020

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ((LNCE,volume 158))

  • 1147 Accesses

Abstract

Domestic fish production is vital for Singapore to diversify its food sources. In 2018, local aquaculture farms produced up to 9% of the fish stock consumed in the country. Most of these farms operate along the Straits of Johor on floating wooden structures (also known as kelong). These structures require constant repair and maintenance, which could be costly and disruptive for farm owners. At present, there are no formal building regulations and guidelines available on these structures in Singapore. This paper proposes an engineered design of an offshore aquaculture farm that is compliant with building and maritime standards. The floating base of this new farm is constructed using expanded polystyrene and concrete based on the design concepts developed by FlexBase. Fish will be reared in a closed containment system, which will allow farm owners to safeguard their livestock against pollution and unfavourable environmental conditions. The new farm, designed to have a working life of 50 years, will require minimal maintenance over its service period.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Singapore Food Agency (2019) The food we eat. In: Singapore’s food supply. Singapore food agency. https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-farming/singapore-food-supply. Accessed 01 Jun 2020

  2. Horvath J (1994) Expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam: an introduction to material behavior. Geotext Geomembr 13(4):263–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Building and Construction Authority of Singapore (2013) BCA introduces new international structural design standards for buildings. Building and Construction Authority of Singapore. https://www1.bca.gov.sg/docs/default-source/docs-corp-news-and-publications/media-releases/pr25032013_ec.pdf. Accessed 01 Jun 2020

  4. European Committee for Standardization (2002) Eurocode 1: actions on structures—part 1-1: general actions—densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings. CEN, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  5. European Committee for Standardization (2010) Eurocode 1: actions on structures—part 1-4: general actions—wind actions. CEN, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  6. National Environment Agency (2009) Weatherwise Singapore. In: Weatherwise Singapore. National Environment Agency. https://www.nea.gov.sg/docs/default-source/resource/guidebook-on-climate-of-singapore.pdf. Accessed 01 Jun 2020

  7. Ly D, Tan C, Ma Q (2015) Characteristics of Sumatra squalls and modelling of the squall-generated waves. In: Gourbesville P, Cunge J, Caignaert G (eds) Advances in hydro informatics. SimHydro 2014 conference, Sophia Antipolis, June 2014. Springer, Singapore, pp 157–174

    Google Scholar 

  8. LCP Building Products (n.d.) LCP LYCORRIB 28. In: LCP LYCORRIB 28. LCP Building Products. http://www.tsh.com.sg/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/LCP-LYCORRIB28-1.pdf. Accessed 01 Jun 2020

  9. Singapore Standards Council (2014) Concrete: specification, performance, production and conformity. Springer, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  10. ShibataFenderTeam (2019) Products. In: Products. ShibataFenderTeam. https://www.shibata-fender.team/files/content/Downloads/SFT_Product_Catalogue_A4_English.pdf. Accessed 01 Jun 2020

  11. NUS, SINTEF (2019) Guidelines and recommendations for Moored floating structures in Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  12. DNV GL (2015) Offshore standard DNVGL-OS-C301, stability and watertight integrity. DNV GL, Oslo

    Google Scholar 

  13. DNV GL (2019) Rules for classification, ships part 3 chapter 15 stability. DNV GL, Oslo

    Google Scholar 

  14. Biran A (2003) Ship hydrostatics and stability. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp 125–270

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dominic Kang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Kang, D., Ong, P., Roël, J. (2022). Building Floating Aquaculture Farms with Expanded Polystyrene in Singapore. In: Piątek, Ł., Lim, S.H., Wang, C.M., de Graaf-van Dinther, R. (eds) WCFS2020. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 158. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2256-4_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2256-4_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-2255-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-2256-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics