Research on 3D Analysis Method of Sight Line of Mountain Scenic Area Based on GIS—Taking Guangzhou Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area as an Example

Abstract

China’s scenic spots are facing the dual pressure of increasing the number of tourists and the decline in the quality of viewing. How to effectively coordinate the contradiction between the development of scenic spots and the quality of viewing, and realize the maximization of resources within the scenic spots and the improvement of visual senses have become common problems faced by the academic and tourism development departments. In the past few decades, the planning methods of scenic spots and the selection methods of scenic areas have been more traditional. It is impossible to accurately simulate and judge when dealing with complex topographical conditions such as mountains, which has a subjective impact on the exploration and development of scenic landscape resources. This method has caused problems such as narrow viewing horizons, incomplete coverage of the tour route, and occlusion of the line of sight. Practice has proved that the traditional scenic area planning theory based on qualitative and the analysis method based on field research are one of the main sources of the above problems, especially in mountainous scenic areas. With the development of social economy, the selection of traditional scenic spots and the planning of scenic spots urgently need a change to adapt to the new development and new requirements of the current viewing experience. This study used the GIS viewshed analysis function and the analytic hierarchy process to identify blind spots in the scenic area by simulating the visibility of different viewing distance ranges of the current scenic spots and tour lines, and then combined with the questionnaire survey results of tourists, planners, scenic spot managers and college landscape teachers, the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the evaluation system of new viewpoints. Finally, according to the evaluation factor, the weighted superposition in the GIS is used to determine the newly added viewpoints, so as to improve the quality and effective utilization of the scenic spots in the mountain-type scenic areas. The key to the GIS landscape viewshed analysis is that the scenic spots and tour lines planning of the scenic area must be based on objective geographical factors and current resources, and priority is given to the analysis of the current situation quality. Then, according to the distribution of the current visual blind zone, new viewpoints and tour lines will be carried out. Compared with developed countries like the WEST, which have relatively perfect geographic information platforms, China’s geographic information data acquisition requires authorization from multiple departments, and the data quality is uneven. In response to this problem, this paper used python combined with Amap to obtain the vector boundary of the study area, and imported it into the rivermap downloader X3 to download DEM data, reducing the difficulty of data acquisition. This method can provide data security for the study area simulation and provide an important scientific basis for landscape viewshed analysis. Taking Baiyun mountain scenic area as an example, this paper comprehensively utilizes GIS technology to identify the viewing space of the above process through simulation and analysis of elevation, slope, slope direction and view area analysis, and constructs the best viewing pattern. Moreover, the whole analysis process is taken as the framework to enrich the evaluation system of mountain scenic spots. The results shown that the current viewing area of the 26 scenic spots in the near-view, mid-view and distant-view analysis results are 6.09%, 11.89% and 26.62%, respectively, and the overall view is poor, and the open field is mainly concentrated in the south-central area of the study area, the northeast and southwest sides have narrower views, mainly due to the lesser distribution of viewpoints. The near, middle and distant view along the four main tour lines may be better, but the central area and the northwest side are not transparent due to the topography and geomorphology. On the other hand, due to the lack of travel coverage on the north side of the study area, there is a large area of visual blind spots in the north. In order to solve the above problems, this paper will re-classify the evaluation system of the site selection and the elevation, slope and aspect of the study area. Under the principle of low cost and ecological protection, the site selection of newly-built scenic spots was obtained, and then fine-tuned according to the site investigation, and the location of newly-built scenic spots was finally determined. This method can effectively enhance the quality of the selected viewpoints in the planning process and reduce subjective errors in the case of high data quality. Moreover, this method also provides an essential reference for the analysis of geographical elements in the early stage of mountain-type scenic areas. We should transform from traditional subjective planning ideas into objective planning thinking based on data analysis, respect objective reality and maximize the exploitation of available resources to provide reference for the sustainable development of scenic spots.