Abstract
Since around 2010, there have been numerous studies on seasonal, interannual, and longer timescale variations in the path and volume transport of the Kuroshio over its entire length because sufficiently long time series data from satellites and reanalysis datasets have been accumulated. This review provides an overview of the integrated features of these variations, which have historically been investigated separately in geographically distinct regions. Specifically, we focus on keystone phenomena that are representative of separate regions, which include Kuroshio volume transport variations off Luzon Island, off Taiwan, and in the East China Sea. Additionally, we examine Kuroshio path variations such as the meridional shift in the bifurcation latitude of the North Equatorial Current off the Philippines, the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea through the Luzon Strait, the Kuroshio on-shelf intrusion northeast of Taiwan, and the Kuroshio path states around Kyushu Island. The principle pieces of knowledge obtained through this review are as follows. The El NiƱo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) regulate these phenomena to a greater or lesser degree, with the PDO tending to provide a more dominative driver than the ENSO.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Akitomo K, Ooi M, Awaji T, Kutsuwada K (1996) Interannual variability of the Kuroshio transport in response to the wind stress field over the North Pacific: its relation to the path variation south of Japan. J Geophys Res-Oceans 101(C6):14057ā14071
Andres M, Park JH, Wimbush M, Zhu XH, Chang KI, Ichikawa H (2008a) Study of the Kuroshio/Ryukyu Current system based on satellite-altimeter and in situ measurements. J Oceanogr 64:937ā950
Andres M, Wimbush M, Park JH, Chang KI, Lim BH, Watts DR, Ichikawa H, Teague WJ (2008b) Observations of Kuroshio flow variations in the East China Sea. J Geophys Res-Oceans 113(C05013)
Andres M, Park JH, Wimbush M, Zhu XH, Nakamura H, Kim K, Chang KI (2009) Manifestation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the Kuroshio. Geophys Res Lett 36(L16602)
Andres M, Kwon YO, Yang J (2011) Observations of the Kuroshioās barotropic and baroclinic responses to basin-wide wind forcing. J Geophys Res-Oceans 116(C04011)
Boccaletti G, Ferrari R, Fox-Kemper B (2007) Mixed layer instabilities and restratification. J Phys Oceanogr 38:2228ā2250
Caruso MJ, Gawarkiewicz GG, Beardsley RC (2006) Interannual variability of the Kuroshio intrusion in the South China Sea. J Oceanogr 62(4):559ā575
Chang YL, Oey LY (2011) Interannual and seasonal variations of Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan inferred from 29Ā years of tide-gauge data. Geophys Res Lett 38(L08603)
Chang YL, Oey LY (2012) The Philippines-Taiwan oscillation: monsoon-like interannual oscillation of the subtropical-tropical western North Pacific wind. J Clim 25:1597ā1618
Chang Y, Miyazawa Y, Guo X (2015) Effects of the STCC eddies on the Kuroshio based on the 20-year JCOPE2 reanalysis results. Prog Oceanogr 135:64ā76
Chen G, Hu P, Hou Y, Chu X (2011) Intrusion of the Kuroshio into the South China Sea, in September 2008. J Oceanogr 67(4):439ā448
Chen HT, Yan XH, Shaw PT, Zheng Q (1996) A numerical simulation of wind stress and topographic effects on the Kuroshio current path near Taiwan. J Phys Oceanogr 26:1769ā1802
Chen S, Qiu B (2010) Mesoscale eddies northeast of the Hawaiian archipelago from satellite altimeter observations. J Geophys Res-Oceans 115(C03016)
Chen Z, Wu L, Qiu B, Li L, Hu D, Liu C, Jia F, Liang X (2015) Strengthening Kuroshio observed at its origin during November 2010 to October 2012. J Geophys Res-Oceans 120:2460ā2470
Cheng YH, Chung-Ru H, Zheng ZW, Lee YH, Kuo NJ (2009) An algorithm for cold patch detection in the sea off northeast Taiwan using multi-sensor data. Sensors 9(7):5521ā5533
Cheng YH, Hu J, Zheng Q, Su FC (2018) Interannual variability of cold domes northeast of Taiwan. Int J Remote Sens 39(13):4293ā4303
Chen Z, Wu L (2012) Long-term change of the Pacific North Equatorial Current bifurcation in SODA. J Geophys Res-Oceans 117(C06016)
Chuang WS, Liang WD (1994) Seasonal variability of intrusion of the Kuroshio water across the continental shelf northeast of Taiwan. J Oceanogr 50:531ā542
Ebuchi N, Hanawa K (2003) Influence of mesoscale eddies on variations of the Kuroshio path south of Japan. J Oceanogr 59:25ā39
Endoh T, Hibiya T (2009) Interaction between the trigger meander of the Kuroshio and the abyssal anticyclone over Koshu Seamount as seen in the reanalysis data. Geophys Res Lett 36(L18604)
Farris A, Wimbush M (1996) Wind-induced intrusion into the South China Sea. J Oceanogr 52:771ā784
Gan B, Kwon Y, Joyce T, Chen K, Wu L (2019) Influence of the Kuroshio interannual variability on the summertime precipitation over the East China Sea and adjacent area. J Clim 15:2185ā2205
Gilson J, Roemmich D (2002) Mean and temporal variability in Kuroshio geostrophic transport south of Taiwan (1993ā2001). J Oceanogr 58:183ā195
Gordon AL, Giulivi CF (2004) Pacific decadal oscillation and sea level in the Japan/East Sea. Deep Sea Res Part I 51:653ā663
Gordon AL, Flament P, Villanoy C, Centurioni L (2014) The nascent Kuroshio of Lamon Bay. J Geophys Res-Oceans 119:4251ā4263
Greatbatch RJ, Goulding A (1989) Seasonal variations in a linear barotropic model of the North Atlantic driven by the Hellerman and Rosenstein wind stress field. J Phys Oceanogr 19(5):572ā595
Greatbatch RJ, Goulding A (1990) On the seasonal variation of transport through the Tokara Strait. J Oceanogr Soc Jpn 46(1):9ā20
Guo X, Miyazawa Y, Yamagata T (2006) The Kuroshio onshore intrusion along the shelf break of the East China Sea: the origin of the Tsushima Warm Current. J Phys Oceanogr 36:2205ā2231
Guo X, Zhu XH, Wu QS, Huang D (2012) The Kuroshio nutrient stream and its temporal variation in the East China Sea. J Geophys Res-Oceans 117(C01026)
Han G, Huang W (2008) Pacific decadal oscillation and sea level variability in the Bohai, Yellow and East China Seas. J Phys Oceanogr 38(2772ā2783)
Hasunuma K, Yoshida K (1978) Splitting the subtropical gyre in the western North Pacific. J Oceanogr Soc Jpn 34:160ā172
Hosoda S, Ohira T, Nakamura T (2008) A monthly mean dataset of global oceanic temperature and salinity derived from Argo float observations. JAMSTEC Rep Res Dev 8:47ā59
Hsin YC, Wu CR, Shaw PT (2008) Spatial and temporal variations of the Kuroshio east of Taiwan, 1982ā2005: a numerical study. J Geophys Res-Oceans 113(C04002)
Hsin YC, Wu CR, Chao SY (2012) An updated examination of the Luzon Strait transport. J Geophys Res-Oceans 117(C03022)
Hsin YC, Qiu B, Chiang TL, Wu CR (2013) Seasonal to interannual variations in the intensity and central position of the surface Kuroshio east of Taiwan. J Geophys Res-Oceans 118:4305ā4316
Hsin YC (2015) Multidecadal variations of the surface Kuroshio between 1950s and 2000s and its impacts on surrounding waters. J Geophys Res-Oceans 120:1792ā1808
Hu DX, Wu LX, Cai WJ, Sen-Gupta A, Ganachaud A, Qiu B, Gordon AL, Lin XP, Chen ZH, Hu SJ, Wang GJ, Wang QY, Sprintall J, Qu TD, Kashino Y, Wang F, Kessler WS (2015) Pacific western boundary currents and their roles in climate. Nature 522:299ā308
Hwang C, Wu CR, Kao R (2004) TOPEX/Poseidon observations of mesoscale eddies over the subtropical countercurrent: kinematic characteristics of an anticyclonic eddy and a cyclonic eddy. J Geophys Res-Oceans 109(C08013)
Ichikawa H, Beardsley R (1993) Temporal and spatial variability of volume transport of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea. Deep-Sea Res Part I 40:583ā605
Ichikawa H, Nakamura H, Nishina A, Higashi M (2004) Variability of northeastward current southeast of northern Ryukyu Islands. J Oceanogr 60:351ā363
Ichikawa K (2001) Variation of the Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait induced by meso-scale eddies. J Oceanogr 57:55ā68
Isobe A, Imawaki S (2002) Annual variation of the Kuroshio transport in a two-layer numerical model with a ridge. J Phys Oceanogr 32(3):994ā1009
Isobe A (2008) Recent advances in ocean-circulation research on the Yellow Sea and East China shelves. J Oceanogr 64:569ā584
Jifeng Q, Baoshu Y, Zhenhua X, Delei L (2018) Spatiotemporal variations of the surface Kuroshio east of Taiwan Island derived from satellite altimetry data. J Oceanol Limnol 36(1):77ā91
Johns WE, Lee TN, Zhang D, Zantopp R, Liu CT, Yang Y (2001) The Kuroshio east of Taiwan: Moored transport observations from the WOCE PCM-1 array. J Phys Oceanogr 31:1031ā1053
Kagimoto T, Yamagata T (1997) Seasonal transport variations of the Kuroshio: an OGCM simulation. J Phys Oceanogr 27:403ā418
Kashino Y, Espana N, Syamsudin F, Richards KJ, Jensen T, Dutrieux P, Ishida A (2009) Observations of the North Equatorial Current, Mindanao Current, and the Kuroshio Current system during the 2006/07 El NiƱo and 2007/08 La NiƱa. J Oceanogr 65:325ā333
Kawabe M (1995) Variations of current path, velocity, and volume transport of the Kuroshio in relation with the large meander. J Phys Oceanogr 25:3103ā3117
Kawabe M (1996) Model study of flow conditions causing the large meander of the Kuroshio south of Japan. J Phys Oceanogr 26:2449ā2461
Kawabe M (2001) Interannual variations of sea level at the Nansei Islands and volume transport of the Kuroshio due to wind changes. J Oceanogr 57:189ā205
Kazmin AS, Rienecker MM (1996) Variability and frontogenesis in the large-scale oceanic frontal zones. J Geophys Res-Oceans 101(C1):907ā921
Kim H, Kimura S, Shinoda A, Kitagawa T, Sasai Y, Sasaki H (2007) Effect of El NiƱo on migration and larval transport of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. ICES J Mar Sci 64:1387ā1395
Kim YY, Qu T, Jensen T, Miyama T, Mitsudera H, Kang HW, Ishida A (2004) Seasonal and interannual variations of the North Equatorial Current bifurcation in a high resolution OGCM. J Geophys Res-Oceans 109(C03040)
Kobashi F, Kubokawa A (2012) Review on North Pacific subtropical countercurrents and subtropical fronts: role of mode waters in ocean circulation and climate. J Oceanogr 68(113126)
Kubota M, Yokota H, Okamoto T (1995) Mechanism of the seasonal transport variation through the Tokara Strait. J Oceanogr 51(4):441ā458
Lie HJ, Cho CH (2016) Seasonal circulation patterns of the Yellow and East China Seas derived from satellite-tracked drifter trajectories and hydrographic observations. Prog Oceanogr 146:121ā141
Lin YF, Wu CR, Han YS (2017) A combination mode of climate variability responsible for extremely poor recruitment of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Sci Rep 7(44469)
Lin YF, Wu CR (2019) Distinct impacts of the 1997ā98 and 2015ā16 extreme El NiƱos on Japanese eel larval catch. Sci Rep 9(1384)
Liu C, Wang F, Chen X, Von Storch JS (2014) Interannual variability of the Kuroshio onshore intrusion along the East China Sea shelf break: effect of the Kuroshio volume transport. J Geophys Res-Oceans 119:6190ā6209
Liu ZJ, Nakamura H, Zhu XH, Nishina A, Guo X, Dong M (2019) Tempo-spatial variations of the Kuroshio current in the Tokara Strait based on long-term ferryboat ADCP data. J Geophys Res-Oceans 124:6030ā6049
Mantua NJ, Hare SR, Zhang Y, Wallace JM, Francis RC (1997) A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bull Amer Meteor Soc 78:1069ā1079
Metzger EJ, Hurlburt HE (2001) The nondeterministic nature of Kuroshio penetration and eddy shedding in the South China Sea. J Phys Oceanogr 31:1712ā1732
Moriyasu S (1961) On the influence of the monsoon on the oceanographic conditions. J Oceanogr Soc Jpn 17:14ā19
Nagano A, Kawabe K (2004) Monitoring of generation and propagation of the Kuroshio small meander using sea level data along the southern coast of Japan. J Oceanogr 60:879ā892
Nakamura H, Ichikawa H, Nishina A, Lie HJ (2003) Kuroshio path meander between the continental slope and the Tokara Strait in the East China Sea. J Geophys Res-Oceans 108(3360)
Nakamura H, Yamashiro T, Nishina A, Ichikawa H (2006) Time-frequency variability of Kuroshio meanders in Tokara Strait. Geophys Res Lett 33(L21605)
Nakamura H, Ichikawa H, Nishina A (2007) Numerical study of the dynamics of the Ryukyu current system. J Geophys Res-Oceans 112(C04016)
Nakamura H, Nonaka M, Sasaki H (2010) Seasonality of the Kuroshio path destabilization phenomenon in the Okinawa Trough: a numerical study of its mechanism. J Phys Oceanogr 40:530ā550
Nakamura H, Nishina A, Tabata K, Higashi M, Habano A, Yamashiro T (2012) Surface velocity time series derived from satellite altimetry data in a section across the Kuroshio southwest of Kyushu. J Oceanogr 68:321ā336
Nakamura H, Hiranaka R, Ambe D, Saito T (2015) Local wind effect on the Kuroshio path state off the southeastern coast of Kyushu. J Oceanogr 5(71):575ā596
Nan F, Xue H, Chai F, Shi L, Shi M, Guo P (2011) Identification of different types of Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea. Ocean Dyn 61:1291ā1304
Nan F, Xue H, Chai F, Wang D, Yu F, Shi M, Guo P, Xiu P (2013) Weakening of the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea over the past two decades. J Clim 26(20):8097ā8110
Nan F, Xue H, Yu F (2015) Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea: an review. Progress Oceanogr 137:314ā333
Niiler PP (1969) On the Ekman divergence in an oceanic jet. J Geophys Res-Oceans 74:7048ā7052
Nitani H (1972) Beginning of the Kuroshio. In: Stommel H, Yashida K (eds) Kuroshio: Its physical aspects. University of Tokyo Press, pp 129ā163
Oey LY, Hsin YC, Wu CR (2010) Why does the Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan shift shelfward in winter? Ocean Dyn 60:413ā426
Oka E, Kawabe M (1998) Characteristics of variations of water properties and density structure around the Kuroshio in the East China Sea. J Oceanogr 54:605ā617
Qiu B, Lukas R (1996) Seasonal and interannual variability of the North Equatorial Current, the Mindanao Current, and the Kuroshio along the Pacific western boundary. J Geophys Res-Oceans 101:12315ā12330
Qiu B (1999) Seasonal eddy field modulation of the north Pacific STCC: TOPEX/Poseidon observations and theory. J Phys Oceanogr 29:2471ā2486
Qiu B, Chen S (2010a) Interannual-to-decadal variability in the bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current off the Philippines. J Phys Oceanogr 40:2525ā2538
Qiu B, Chen S (2010b) Interannual variability of the North Pacific STCC and its associated mesoscale eddy field. J Phys Oceanogr 40:213ā225
Qiu B, Chen S (2013) Concurrent decadal mesoscale eddy modulations in the Western North Pacific subtropical gyre. J Phys Oceanogr 43:344ā358
Qiu B, Chen S, Rudnick DL, Kashino Y (2015) A new paradigm for the North Pacific subthermocline low-latitude western boundary current system. J Phys Oceanogr 45:2407ā2423
Qu T (2000) Upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea. J Phys Oceanogr 30:1450ā1460
Qu T, Lukas R (2003) The bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current in the Pacific. J Phys Oceanogr 33:5ā18
Qu T, Kim YY, Yaremchuk M, Tozuka T, Ishida A, Yamagata T (2004) Can Luzon Strait transport play a role in conveying the impact of ENSO to the South China Sea? J Clim 17:3644ā3657
Qu T, Du Y, Meyers G, Ishida A, Wang D (2005) Connecting the tropical Pacific with Indian Ocean through South China Sea. Geophys Res Lett 32(L24609)
Qu T, Girton JB, Whitehead JA (2006) Deepwater overflow through Luzon Strait. J Geophys Res-Oceans 111(C01002)
Sakamoto T, Yamagata T (1996) Seasonal transport variations of the wind-driven ocean circulation in a two-layer planetary geostrophic model with a continental slope. J Mar Res 54(2):261ā284
Sasaki H, Klein P, Qiu B, Sasai Y (2014) Impact of oceanic-scale interactions on the seasonal modulation of ocean dynamics by the atmosphere. Nat Commun 5:5636ā5643
Sekine Y, Toba Y (1981) Velocity variation of the Kuroshio during formation of the small meander south of Kyushu. J Oceanogr Soc Jpn 37:87ā93
Sekine Y, Kutsuwada K (1994) Seasonal variation in volume transport of the Kuroshio south of Japan. J Phys Oceanogr 24:261ā272
Shaw PT (1991) The seasonal variation of the intrusion of the Philippine sea water into the South China Sea. J Geophys Res-Oceans 96:821ā827
Shen ML, Tseng YH, Jan S, Young CC, Chiou MD (2014) Long-term variability of the Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan and the climate it conveys. Prog Oceanogr 121:60ā73
Sheremet VA (2001) Hysteresis of a Western Boundary Current leaping across a gap. J Phys Oceanogr 31:1247ā1259
Sheremet VA, Kuehl J (2007) Gap-leaping Western Boundary Current in a circular tank model. J Phys Oceanogr 37:1488ā1495
Soeyanto E, Guo X, Ono J, Miyazawa Y (2014) Interannual variations of Kuroshio transport in the East China Sea and its relation to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and mesoscale eddies. J Geophys Res-Oceans 119:3595ā3616
Solomon H (1978) Occurrence of small ātriggerā meanders of the Kuroshio off southern Kyushu. J Oceanogr Soc Jpn 34:81ā84
Song YT (2006) Estimation of interbasin transport using ocean bottom pressure: theory and model for Asian marginal seas. J Geophys Res-Oceans 111(C11S19)
Sun X (1987) Analysis of the surface path of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea. In: Sun X (ed) Essays on investigation of Kuroshio. China Ocean Press, Beijing, pp 1ā14
Takahashi D, Morimoto A (2013) Mean field and annual variation of surface flow in the East China Sea as revealed by combining satellite altimeter and drifter data. Prog Oceanogr 111:125ā139
Tanaka K, Ikeda M (2004) Propagation of rossby waves over ridges excited by interannual wind forcing in a Western North Pacific model. J Oceanogr 60(2):329ā340
Tang TY, Yang YJ (1993) Low frequency current variability on the shelf break northeast of Taiwan. J Oceanogr 49(19):193ā210
Thoppil PG, Metzger EJ, Hurlburt HE, Smedstad OM, Ichikawa H (2016) The current system east of the Ryukyu Islands as revealed by a global ocean reanalysis. Prog Oceanogr 141:239ā258
Tsui IF, Wu CR (2012) Variability analysis of Kuroshio intrusion through Luzon Strait using growing hierarchical self-organizing map. Ocean Dyn 62:1187ā1194
Uda M, Hasunuma K (1969) The eastward subtropical countercurrent in the western North Pacific Ocean. J Oceanogr Soc Jpn 25(4):201ā210
Usui N, Tsujino H, Fujii Y, Kamachi M (2008) Generation of a trigger meander for the 2004 Kuroshio large meander. J Geophys Res-Oceans 113(C01012)
Usui N, Tsujino H, Nakano H, Matsumoto S (2013) Long-term variability of the Kuroshio path south of Japan. J Oceanogra 69:647ā670
Wallace JM, Gutzler DS (1981) Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon Wea Rev 109:784ā812
Wang J, Oey LY (2014) Inter-annual and decadal fluctuations of the Kuroshio in East China Sea and connection with surface fluxes of momentum and heat. Geophys Res Lett 41:8538ā8546
Wang LC, Wu CR, Qiu B (2014) Modulation of Rossby waves on the Pacific North Equatorial Current bifurcation associated with the 1976 climate regime shift. J Geophys Res-Oceans 119:6669ā6679
Wang C, Deser C, Yu JY, DiNezio P, Clement A (2016a) El NiƱo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): a review. In: Glymn P, Manzello D, Enochs I (eds) Coral reefs of the Eastern Pacific. Springer Science Publisher, pp 85ā106
Wang YL, Wu CR, Chao SY (2016b) Warming and weakening trends of the Kuroshio during 1993ā2013. Geophys Res Lett 43:9200ā9207
Wang YL, Wu CR (2018) Discordant multi-decadal trend in the intensity of the Kuroshio along its path during 1993ā2013. Sci Rep 8(14633)
Wei YZ, Huang D, Zhu XH (2013) Interannual to decadal variability of the Kuroshio Current in the East China Sea from 1955 to 2010 as indicated by in-situ hydrographic data. J Oceanogr 69:571ā589
Wu CR, Lu HF, Chao SY (2008) A numerical study on the formation of upwelling off northeast Taiwan. J Geophys Res-Oceans 113(C08025)
Wu CR, Hsin YC (2012) The forcing mechanism leading to the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea. J Geophys Res-Oceans 117(C07015)
Wu CR (2013) Interannual modulation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the low-latitude western North Pacific. Prog Oceanogr 110:49ā58
Wu CR, Hsin YC, Chiang TL, Lin YF, Tsui IF (2014) Seasonal and interannual changes of the Kuroshio intrusion onto the East China Sea Shelf. J Geophys Res-Oceans 119:5039ā5051
Wu CR, Wang YL, Lin YF, Chiang TL, Wu CC (2016) Weakening of the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea under the global warming hiatus. IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens 9:5064ā5070
Wu CR, Wang YL, Lin YF, Chao SY (2017) Intrusion of the Kuroshio into the South and East China Seas. Sci Rep 7(7895)
Wu C-R, Wang Y-L, Chao S-Y (2019a) Disassociation of the Kuroshio Current with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation since 1999. Remote Sens 11(3):276
Wu CR, Lin YF, Qiu B (2019b) Impact of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation on the Pacific North Equatorial Current bifurcation. Sci Rep 9(2162)
Wu L et al (2012) Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents. Nat Clim Change 2(3):161ā166
Yamashiro T, Kawabe M (1996) Monitoring of position of the Kuroshio axis in the Tokara Strait using sea level data. J Oceanogr 52:675ā687
Yamashiro T, Kawabe M (2002) Variation of the Kuroshio axis south of Kyushu in relation to the large meander of the Kuroshio. J Oceanogr 58:487ā503
Yan X, Zhu XH, Pang C, Zhang L (2016) Effects of mesoscale eddies on the volume transport and branch pattern of the Kuroshio east of Taiwan. J Geophys Res-Oceans 121:7683ā7700
Yang J, Lin X, Wu D (2013) On the dynamics of the seasonal variation in the South China Sea throughflow transport. J Geophys Res-Oceans 118:6854ā6866
Yang Y, Liu CT, Hu JH, Koga M (1999) Taiwan Current (Kuroshio) and impinging eddies. J Oceanogr 55:609ā617
Yaremchuk M, Qu T (2004) Seasonal variability of the large-scale currents near the coast of the Philippines. J Phys Oceanogr 34:844ā855
Yoshida K, Kidokoro T (1967) A subtropical countercurrent (II)āa prediction of eastward flows at lower subtropical latitudes. J Oceanogr Soc Jpn 23:231ā236
Yoshida S, Qiu B, Hacker P (2011) Low-frequency eddy modulations in the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent: observations and connection to the Pacific Decadal oscillation. J Geophys Res-Oceans 116(C12009)
Yuan Y, Tseng YH, Yang C, Liao G, Chow CH, Liu Z, Zhu XH, Chen H (2014) Variation in the Kuroshio intrusion: Modeling and interpretation of observations collected around the Luzon Strait from July 2009 to March 2011. J Geophys Res-Oceans 119:3447ā3463
Zenimoto K, Kitagawa T, Miyazaki S, Sasai T, Sasaki H, Kimura S (2009) The effects of seasonal and interannual variability of oceanic structure in the western Pacific North Equatorial Current on larval transport of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). J Fish Biol 74:1878ā1890
Zhang ZL, Nakamura H, Zhu XH (2020) Seasonal velocity variations over the entire Kuroshio path. J Phys Oceanogr, in review
Zhu XH, Han I, Park J, Ichikawa H, Murakami K, Kaneko A, Ostrovskii A (2003) The northeastward current southeast of Okinawa Island observed during November 2000 to August 2001 Geophys Res Lett 30(1071)
Zhu XH, Park JH, Kaneko I (2005) The northeastward current southeast of the Ryukyu Islands in late fall of 2000 estimated by an inverse technique. Geophys Res Lett 32(L05608)
Zhu XH, Nakamura H, Dong M, Nishina A, Yamashiro T (2017) Tidal currents and Kuroshio transport variations in the Tokara Strait estimated from ferryboat A DCP data. J Geophys Res-Oceans 122(3):2120ā2142
Acknowledgements
The author expresses his gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of the manuscript and important comments. This study was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Numbers 15H03725, 15H05821.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nakamura, H. (2020). Changing Kuroshio and Its Affected Shelf Sea: A Physical View. In: Chen, CT., Guo, X. (eds) Changing Asia-Pacific Marginal Seas. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4886-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4886-4_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-4885-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-4886-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)