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Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Gas Sensors

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Functional Nanomaterials

Part of the book series: Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials ((MHFNN))

Abstract

Conducting polymers (CP) can behave like metals or semiconductors by incorporation of additives to tailor structure, crystallinity, and morphology. The emergence of nanoscience has provided impetus to the possibility of using electrically conducting polymers in various applications as in electrochromic devices, chemical and biological sensors, transparent conducting materials, batteries, actuators, field emission displays, super-capacitors, photovoltaic cells, data storage, and for surface protection. The chapter begins with the discussion of various aspects of gas sensors, fabricated using conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and their hybrids with metal, metal oxide nanostructures and nanocarbons (reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs)) heterogenous species as the active layers. The fabrication of CP for different gas sensor applications, the sensing mechanism, and the configurations are also discussed in this chapter. The CP hybrid composites with enhanced sensing capabilities toward chemical gases, as chemoelectrical sensors, are due to their improved charge transport and charge transfer properties, through redox chemical reactions. Moreover, the CP hybrids with other materials provide synergistic properties, such as target analyte specificity, environmental/room temperature stability, ease of fabrication, signal reproducibility, and enhanced sensitivity. The factors that affect the gas sensors, brief prospects and future challenges in this field of research are discussed at the end of the chapter. The current trends and novel approaches to process materials with desirable physicochemical properties and fine-tuning the property of new materials for target specificity are emphasized.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, St. Francis College for Women, Uma Nagar, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500016, Telangana, India

    Kalpana Madgula

  2. Department of Electronics, St. Francis College for Women, Uma Nagar, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500016, Telangana, India

    L. N. Shubha

  3. Product Development, SAS Nanotechnologies LLC, Delaware Technology Park, 550 S College Avenue, Newark, DE, 19716, USA

    Kalpana Madgula

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  1. Kalpana Madgula
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  2. L. N. Shubha
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Correspondence to Kalpana Madgula .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Sciences, School of Energy Materials, International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

  2. Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Nirav Joshi

  3. Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Vijay K. Tomer

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Madgula, K., Shubha, L.N. (2020). Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Gas Sensors. In: Thomas, S., Joshi, N., Tomer, V. (eds) Functional Nanomaterials. Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4810-9_16

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