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Potential Target Sites that Are Affected by Antimicrobial Surfaces

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Engineered Antimicrobial Surfaces

Part of the book series: Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials ((MHFNN))

Abstract

Antimicrobial targets should be essential to the life or pathogenicity of bacteria and contain conserved target binding regions. This chapter reviews the antimicrobial target sites, their structures, roles, and their inhibition. Life-essential targets include FtsZ and their regulatory proteins; they mediate the cell division and its accompanying modifications in the cell wall. Peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes also belong to life-essential targets; we focused on the integral membrane protein MraY, the membrane-associated protein MurG, and penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) rather than Mur enzymes due to their in vivo inaccessibility. Targeting DNA, as an essential element, may damage the strands or interfere with the replication mechanisms, or even specific genes; sequence-specific binders are designed. For expanding the drug targets, bacterial quorum sensing systems (QSs) are targeted; it regulates several genes; we reviewed the quorum quenching through several approaches. Other targets would provide new anti-virulence drugs. The d-alanylation of teichoic acid represents a potential target in Gram-positive bacteria; we discussed the specificity and inter-species conservation of the key enzyme (d-Alanyl carrier protein ligase) in this pathway.

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  1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt

    M. I. Abou-Dobara & N. F. Omar

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  1. International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IIUCNN), Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    S. Snigdha

  2. Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

  3. School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    E. K. Radhakrishnan

  4. Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Nandakumar Kalarikkal

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Abou-Dobara, M.I., Omar, N.F. (2020). Potential Target Sites that Are Affected by Antimicrobial Surfaces. In: Snigdha, S., Thomas, S., Radhakrishnan, E., Kalarikkal, N. (eds) Engineered Antimicrobial Surfaces. Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4630-3_3

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