Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chinese Experiences of the Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Esophageal cancer, ranking sixth in the incidence and fourth in mortality of all cancers with 258,000 new cases and 193,000 deaths, is a severe disease in China. Over the last decades, the treatment of esophageal cancer has evolved into a multidisciplinary process, and surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists are essential for treatment to be successful. The trend of multidisciplinary treatment is also taking place in China. In this chapter, we introduce the current situation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treatment in China, mainly focusing on topics of hot spot, such as epidemiology, endoscopic treatment, surgical approach, anastomotic technique, extent of lymphadenectomy, perioperative therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al. Cancer statistics in China, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66(2):115–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer (2018 Edition). 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen W, Sun K, Zheng R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2014. Chin J Cancer Res. 2018;30(1):1–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Zeng H, Chen W, Zheng R, et al. Changing cancer survival in China during 2003-15: a pooled analysis of 17 population-based cancer registries. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(5):e555–e67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Katada C, Muto M, Momma K, et al. Clinical outcome after endoscopic mucosal resection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invading the muscularis mucosae - a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Endoscopy. 2007;39(9):779–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ono S, Fujishiro M, Niimi K, et al. Predictors of postoperative stricture after esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial squamous cell neoplasms. Endoscopy. 2009;41(8):661–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Shi Q, Ju H, Yao LQ, et al. Risk factors for postoperative stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal carcinoma. Endoscopy. 2014;46(8):640–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Lagergren J, Smyth E, Cunningham D, Lagergren P. Oesophageal cancer. Lancet. 2017;390(10110):2383–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Lordick F, Mariette C, Haustermans K, Obermannova R, Arnold D, Committee EG. Oesophageal cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(suppl 5):v50–v7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ajani JA, D’Amico TA, Almhanna K, et al. Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers, version 1.2015. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2015;13(2):194–227.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. O’Farrell NJ, Malik V, Donohoe CL, et al. Appraisal of staging endoscopic ultrasonography in a modern high-volume esophageal program. World J Surg. 2013;37(7):1666–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Eguchi T, Nakanishi Y, Shimoda T, et al. Histopathological criteria for additional treatment after endoscopic mucosal resection for esophageal cancer: analysis of 464 surgically resected cases. Mod Pathol. 2006;19(3):475–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim DU, Lee JH, Min BH, et al. Risk factors of lymph node metastasis in T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;23(4):619–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang R. Current status and progression of surgery in treating esophageal cancer. Chin Cancer. 1999;8:28–9. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Peng L, Chen L, Li Q. Ivor Lewis subtotal esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy and prognosis. Chin Oncol. 2003;13:574–6. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wu C, Xue H, Zhu Z. Analysis of the therapeutic effect of esophagectomy with extended 2-field lymph node dissection for esophageal carcinoma. Chin J Oncol. 2009;31:630–3. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Li B, Xiang J, Zhang Y, et al. Comparison of Ivor-Lewis vs Sweet esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2015;150(4):292–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Li B, Hu H, Zhang Y, et al. Extended right thoracic approach compared with limited left thoracic approach for patients with middle and lower esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: three-year survival of a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. Ann Surg. 2018;267(5):826–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Biere SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Maas KW, et al. Minimally invasive versus open oesophagectomy for patients with oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;379(9829):1887–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Straatman J, van der Wielen N, Cuesta MA, et al. Minimally invasive versus open esophageal resection: three-year follow-up of the previously reported randomized controlled trial: the TIME trial. Ann Surg. 2017;266(2):232–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Mu J, Gao S, Mao Y, et al. Open three-stage transthoracic oesophagectomy versus minimally invasive thoraco-laparoscopic oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer: protocol for a multicentre prospective, open and parallel, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2015;5(11):e008328.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Mariette C, Markar SR, Dabakuyo-Yonli TS, et al. Hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):152–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Ruurda JP, van der Sluis PC, van der Horst S, van Hilllegersberg R. Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review. J Surg Oncol. 2015;112(3):257–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. van der Sluis PC, Ruurda JP, Verhage RJ, et al. Oncologic long-term results of robot-assisted minimally invasive thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(Suppl 3):S1350–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. van Hillegersberg R, Boone J, Draaisma WA, Broeders IA, Giezeman MJ, Borel Rinkes IH. First experience with robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagolymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer. Surg Endosc. 2006;20(9):1435–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang X, Su Y, Yang Y, et al. Robot assisted esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Dis. 2018;10(6):3767–75.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Gooszen JAH, Goense L, Gisbertz SS, Ruurda JP, van Hillegersberg R, van Berge Henegouwen MI. Intrathoracic versus cervical anastomosis and predictors of anastomotic leakage after oesophagectomy for cancer. Br J Surg. 2018;105(5):552–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Markar SR, Arya S, Karthikesalingam A, Hanna GB. Technical factors that affect anastomotic integrity following esophagectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20(13):4274–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Li J, Shen Y, Tan L, et al. Cervical triangulating stapled anastomosis: technique and initial experience. J Thorac Dis. 2014;6(Suppl 3):S350–4.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Sun HB, Li Y, Liu XB, et al. Embedded three-layer esophagogastric anastomosis reduces morbidity and improves short-term outcomes after esophagectomy for cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(3):1131–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Sun HB, Li Y, Liu XB, et al. Early oral feeding following Mckeown minimally invasive esophagectomy: an open-label, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial. Ann Surg. 2018;267(3):435–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Xiao P, Zhuang X, Shen Y, et al. Reverse-puncture anastomotic technique for minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;100(6):2372–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Inaba K, Satoh S, Ishida Y, et al. Overlap method: novel intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy after laparoscopic total gastrectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;211(6):e25–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hsu HH, Chen JS, Huang PM, Lee JM, Lee YC. Comparison of manual and mechanical cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophageal resection for squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004;25(6):1097–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Law S, Fok M, Chu KM, Wong J. Comparison of hand-sewn and stapled esophagogastric anastomosis after esophageal resection for cancer: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 1997;226(2):169–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Zhang YS, Gao BR, Wang HJ, et al. Comparison of anastomotic leakage and stricture formation following layered and stapler oesophagogastric anastomosis for cancer: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Int Med Res. 2010;38(1):227–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Li H, Fang W, Yu Z, et al. Chinese expert consensus on mediastinal lymph node dissection in esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (2017 edition). J Thorac Dis. 2018;10(4):2481–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. An F, Huang J, Chen S. Analysis of lymph node metastases of 217 cases of thoracic esophageal carcinoma and its impact on prognosis. Chin J Cancer. 2003;22(9):974–7. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  40. She Z. Study on the three-field lymph node dissection for esophageal cancer. Chin Cancer. 2001;10:148–9. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Zhao Y, Mao Y. Pattern of lymph node metastasis and choice of lymphadenectomy in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cancer. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018;21(9):987–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Chen C. Minimally invasive esophagectomoy—experience from Fujian Medical University. J Clin Surg. 2016;24(7):560–1. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  43. van Hagen P, Hulshof MC, van Lanschot JJ, et al. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(22):2074–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ando N, Kato H, Igaki H, et al. A randomized trial comparing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil versus preoperative chemotherapy for localized advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus (JCOG9907). Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(1):68–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Tang H, Tan L, Shen Y, et al. CMISG1701: a multicenter prospective randomized phase III clinical trial comparing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy in patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (cT3-4aN0-1M0) (NCT03001596). BMC Cancer. 2017;17(1):450.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Yang H, Liu H, Chen Y, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery versus surgery alone for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (NEOCRTEC5010): a phase iii multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(27):2796–803.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Pasquali S, Yim G, Vohra RS, et al. Survival after neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments compared to surgery alone for resectable esophageal carcinoma: a network meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2017;265(3):481–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Jiang Y, Zhao C, Li S. Current status and progress of perioperative treatment of esophageal cancer. Chin Clin Oncol. 2015;20(2):185–9. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Kang J. Z. H. Current status of research on concurrent chemoradiotherapy after surgery for esophageal cancer. Chin J Radiat Oncol. 2016;25(5):534–8. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wu X. L W. Current status and perspectives of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Chin J Oncol. 2016;38(9):650–4. (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Dutton SJ, Ferry DR, Blazeby JM, et al. Gefitinib for oesophageal cancer progressing after chemotherapy (COG): a phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(8):894–904.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Suntharalingam M, Winter K, Ilson D, et al. Effect of the addition of cetuximab to paclitaxel, cisplatin, and radiation therapy for patients with esophageal cancer: the NRG oncology RTOG 0436 phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1520–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Huang J, Fan Q, Lu P, et al. Icotinib in patients with pretreated advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with EGFR overexpression or EGFR gene amplification: a single-arm, multicenter phase 2 study. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(6):910–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Petty RD, Dahle-Smith A, Stevenson DAJ, et al. Gefitinib and EGFR gene copy number aberrations in esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(20):2279–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Frenel JS, Le Tourneau C, O’Neil B, et al. Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab in advanced, programmed death ligand 1-positive cervical cancer: results from the phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(36):4035–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Hansen AR, Massard C, Ott PA, et al. Pembrolizumab for advanced prostate adenocarcinoma: findings of the KEYNOTE-028 study. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(8):1807–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Hsu C, Lee SH, Ejadi S, et al. Safety and antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in patients with programmed death-ligand 1-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma: results of the KEYNOTE-028 study. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(36):4050–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Rugo HS, Delord JP, Im SA, et al. Safety and antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in patients with estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24(12):2804–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Doi T, Piha-Paul SA, Jalal SI, et al. Safety and antitumor activity of the anti-programmed death-1 antibody pembrolizumab in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(1):61–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Lijie Tan & Han Tang

Authors
  1. Lijie Tan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Han Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lijie Tan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Japan

    Nobutoshi Ando

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tan, L., Tang, H. (2020). Chinese Experiences of the Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In: Ando, N. (eds) Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4190-2_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4190-2_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-4189-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-4190-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation