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Mapping Economic Inequality

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Contouring Human Development

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Abstract

All economic processes operating in a region play an important role, and this chapter imbricates the major aspects of economic development. The nature of mutual interaction between income-generating processes and potential population associated with income and employment over the space successfully reflect the pattern of economic development of a region. The present chapter tries to explore the economic inequality in three basic segments: Firstly, it examines the non-spatial pattern of income inequality within the population; secondly, it demonstrates how to explore the spatial pattern of income inequality and to prepare income inequality map; thirdly, it analyzes the spatial pattern of income insecurity through the application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. The output of this model is the Income Insecurity Susceptibility (IIS) map. Planners and policymakers may use the IIS map as a base map for designing income, employment, and livelihood planning. It also serves as decision support to the rational allocation of funds to different micro-level administrative units for relevant schemes based on their existing position in the order of the IIS hierarchy. It can contribute to site selection for small- and medium-scale industries, labor welfare centers, agricultural storage and warehousing, and many other activities where the landscape of income security is an important parameter to treat.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Definition of the term ‘susceptibility’ is found clearly in the Merriam-Webster dictionary. See at https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/susceptibility.

  2. 2.

    The solum consists of the surface and subsoil layers that have undergone the same soil-forming conditions. Relatively unweathered parent material beneath the soil layer is the base of the solum.

  3. 3.

    This is a type of draught associated with the effects of periods of precipitation (including snowfall) shortfalls on the surface or subsurface water supply. The frequency and severity of hydrological drought are often defined on a watershed or river basin scale.

  4. 4.

    The district of Purulia receives the lowest amount of rainfall in the state of West Bengal. Moreover, there exists a sharp variation in the rainfall amount received by the different parts within the district. This unequal distribution of rainfall has a considerable impact on the spatial pattern of the agricultural livelihood in the district.

  5. 5.

    During the British colony in India, the district of Purulia was recognized as the Manbhum and it was included as Manbhum district in state of undivided Bihar during independence (1947). The district of Purulia was formed and merged with the state of West Bengal on November 1, 1956, vide ‘The Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act, 1956’ by separating areas under 16 police stations of the then Bihar as per the recommendation of the State Reorganization Commission.

  6. 6.

    The railway or other transport systems have a limited coverage in the district; the accessibility indicator was formulated using the road connectivity only.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Dr. Meghnad Saha College, Itahar, 733128, West Bengal, India

    Mukunda Mishra

  2. Department of Geography, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India

    Soumendu Chatterjee

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  1. Mukunda Mishra
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Correspondence to Mukunda Mishra .

Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 5.13, 5.14, 5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19 and 5.20.

Table 5.13 Annual per capita income among different castes and categories in sample population
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Table 5.14 Annual per capita income among different religious groups in sample population
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Table 5.15 Average income of the incoming persons by gender in the sample population annually
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Table 5.16 Income distribution among different field of workers specified with the genders
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Table 5.17 Calculation of the values of ὠ in the states of India
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Table 5.18 Relative concentration of GDP with reference to population in different states of India
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Table 5.19 Jenks natural break optimization model for the classification of sample villages into required number of classes
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Table 5.20 Calculated values of ŝ (from AHP) and Ĩ (from field data)
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Mishra, M., Chatterjee, S. (2020). Mapping Economic Inequality. In: Contouring Human Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4083-7_5

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