Abstract
Based on the past experience relating to FTAs, with a special focus on Sri Lanka, the paper emphasizes the importance of good processes, policies, strategies, and institutional mechanisms for entering into such agreements. It presents a list of important steps, negotiation methodologies, and guidelines to be followed in the FTA negotiations. It shows that (a) careful analysis of costs and benefits of proposed FTAs based on research and data, (b) a well-crafted negotiation strategy, (c) putting in place domestic policies, regulations, and legal mechanisms, and (d) building supply-side capacity are required to benefit fully from FTAs. The lack of such good practices has been identified as a major reason for the failure of Sri Lanka to gain from such agreements. (Multilateral trade negotiations is the first-best mechanism to create market opportunities as the WTO promotes non-discriminatory, fair, and equitable international trading system. Such a process would simultaneously open Sri Lanka’s and all its foreign markets, achieving the maximum benefits from trade, raising living standards and stimulating growth across the world. Though the GATT/WTO led multilateral negotiations produced remarkable results over the last six decades, they usually take a long time as the whole membership is involved in the decision-making process).
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Notes
- 1.
All items that were deemed sensitive by each country were categorized under the negative list excluding them from the tariff liberalization program.
- 2.
See various issues of Asia and Pacific Trade and Investment Report for patterns and changes of PTAs, their advantages and disadvantages.
- 3.
- 4.
WTO RTA data map, 20 June 2017.
- 5.
Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2017, Un ESCAP.
- 6.
- 7.
See the Web page of UN ESCAP (Secretariat for APTA) for details of Sri Lankan commitments and concessions from other countries.
- 8.
It covers trade in goods, investment, economic and technology cooperation and trade facilitation, see Web page of Ministry of Development Strategies and International Trade, Colombo.
- 9.
When the President of Sri Lanka met the Prime Minister of Pakistan in January 2016.
- 10.
Web page of MoDSIT. Sri Lanka.
- 11.
- 12.
Department of Commerce recently compiled a list of 61 imported substandard products.
- 13.
Verite Research, Improving Trade with India.
- 14.
A series of papers by late Dr. Saman Kelegama gives various issues related FTAs and ETCA.
- 15.
Visit Web page of Department of Commerce, Sri Lanka or the WTO Web page for details of these countries.
- 16.
Economic Statements of the Prime Minister, 2015 and 2016 at the Parliament.
- 17.
Prepared by the Export Development Board of Sri Lanka.
- 18.
BOI has selected a list of sectors for promotion based on a comprehensive study carried out with the support of Harvard University.
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Ratnayake, R. (2020). Making FTAs as an Effective Driver of Regional Integration: Sri Lankan Experience. In: Raihan, S., De, P. (eds) Trade and Regional Integration in South Asia. South Asia Economic and Policy Studies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3932-9_9
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