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Self-Reinforcement in Natural Rubber (NR): Template Crystallization

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Abstract

Natural rubber (NR) is unique in its characteristics. The most notable among them is its self-reinforcing ability. Namely, it is not necessary to mix carbon black (CB) onto NR simply for mechanical strength. The use of CB on tire rubber is for controlling tack, wear or abrasion, and dynamic friction-related properties such as grip and traction. To explain the self-reinforcement of NR, strain-induced crystallization (SIC) has been reasonably assumed, and now, it is accepted widely. However, most researchers have adopted the traditional nucleation mechanism for SIC, even though SIC is due to fully extended network rubber chains. The extended chain formation upon elongation is a matter of necessity. In other words, nucleation is a stochastic process, while SIC is a deterministic process upon straining of NR vulcanizates. Thus, a new concept, template crystallization mechanism, is introduced here in order to rationally explain the SIC behaviors of NR vulcanizates. Template crystallization may be an important concept in ‘elastocaloric’ contractile process, which has been proposed for some functional applications of NR vulcanizates such as a shape memory device.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This remark was originally published as Sect. I in the article appeared in KGK, October issue, 2017, pp. 38–39 (see, www.kgk-rubberpoint.de).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Shinzo Kohjiya

  2. Department of Automotive Analysis, Nissan Arc, Ltd., Yokosuka, Japan

    Atsushi Kato

  3. Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Center for Rubber Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan

    Yuko Ikeda

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  1. Shinzo Kohjiya
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  2. Atsushi Kato
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Kohjiya, S., Kato, A., Ikeda, Y. (2020). Self-Reinforcement in Natural Rubber (NR): Template Crystallization. In: Reinforcement of Rubber. Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3789-9_8

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