Skip to main content

A Study on Subsurface Drainage of Mountain Roads in Bhutan

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Sustainable Civil Engineering Practices

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ((LNCE,volume 72))

  • 343 Accesses

Abstract

There are many problems associated with hill roads in Bhutan. Since most roads are constructed through steep terrains, there are significant problems related to the slope stability and drainage system. The slope stability problem is massively localized and may not be easily avoided. On the other hand, the drainage problem which affects the larger portion of road stretches than any other factor might be reduced through proper construction of drainage systems itself. In the light of these facts, an attempt is made in this paper to recognize the sources of drainage problems and proposes a design of an economically viable subsurface drain for hill roads in Bhutan. It also presents the discharge calculation of a watershed for the design of roadside drainage system and discusses about determination of the rainfall intensity in Bhutan in order to understand the influence of rainfall on the stability of roads located on mountain hills, and mitigations measures methods are adopted to prevent amount of rainfall run-off reaching towards the roads.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Austroads (2005) Guide to pavement technology-part 5: pavement evaluation and treatment design. Austroads, Sydney

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bae A, Stoffels SM, Antle CE, Lee SW (2008) Observed evidence of subgrade moisture influence on pavement longitudinal profile. Can J Civ Eng 35(10):1050–1063. https://doi.org/10.1139/l08-047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bayat E, Kouchakzadeh S, Azimi R (2011) Evaluating the carrying capacity of a subsurface drainage network based on a spatially varied flow regime. Irrig Drain 60(5):668–681. https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bedient PB, Huber WC, Vieux BE (2008) Hydrology and floodplain analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J

    Google Scholar 

  5. Brockenbrough RL, Boedecker KJ (2003) Highway engineering handbook: building and rehabilitating the infrastructure. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cedergren HR (1989) Seepage, drainage, and flow nets. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ju N, Zhao J, Huang R, Duan H (2011) Dynamic design and construction of highway cut slopes in Huangshan area, China. J Mount Sci 8(2):154–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-011-2113-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Khedr SA, Breakah TM (2011) Rutting parameters for asphalt concrete for different aggregate structures. Int J Pavement Eng 12(1):13–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430903578960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Mathur BD, Uppal DHL (2001) Recommendation for road constrcution in waterlogged areas. The Indian Road Congress, Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  10. McCarthy DF (2007) Essentials of soil mechanics and foundations: basic geotechnics. Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J

    Google Scholar 

  11. Robert YC, Paul C (1999) Modeling subsoil drainage systems for urban roadways. Can J Civ Eng 26(6):799–809. https://doi.org/10.1139/l99-048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Shukla SK, Yin J-H (2006) Fundamentals of geosynthetic engineering. Taylor & Francis, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. Treena H (2010) Moving mountains. Aggregates Roadbuild 24(4):24

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wangchhuk L (2010) Facts about Bhutan. Absolute Bhutan Books, Thimphu

    Google Scholar 

  15. Yang F, Zhang G, Yin X, Liu Z, Huang Z (2011) Study on capillary rise from shallow groundwater and critical water table depth of a saline-sodic soil in western Songnen plain of China. Environ Earth Sci 64(8):2119–2126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1038-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Yuan R, Yang YS, Qiu X, Ma FS (2007) Environmental hazard analysis and effective remediation of highway seepage. J Hazard Mater 142(1–2):381–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leki Dorji .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Tshering, D., Dorji, L., Shukla, S.K. (2020). A Study on Subsurface Drainage of Mountain Roads in Bhutan. In: Kanwar, V., Shukla, S. (eds) Sustainable Civil Engineering Practices. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 72. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3677-9_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3677-9_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-3676-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-3677-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics