Abstract
The objective of this chapter and empirical research study is to explore managerial and non-managerial employees’ perspectives that relate to work–family conflicts that affect work-life balance, health and well-being initiatives to promote work-life-balance satisfaction, and the employers’ implementation of family-friendly support to promote a more psychologically healthy workplace. The methodological approach adopted in this study is qualitative. Thirty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants and two focus groups with managerial and non-managerial employees from diverse occupational groups (i.e. education, health, finance, forestry, public sector, social work, first nations, not-for-profit, hospitality, legal, information technology, and retail). The findings reveal that work–family conflicts that affect employees’ work life include limited resources, stress, poor relationships, substance abuse, and other external factors. Factors to support a family-friendly workplace include fun and family-friendly activities, counselling, periodic breaks, trust, and confidentiality. Health and well-being initiatives to promote work-life balance and well-being satisfaction include company group health plan, EAP, Gym membership, flexible working arrangements, wellness strategies, and fairness at work. Organisational leaders, managers, HR and well-being professionals, and researchers may find these factors relevant and insightful for policy and practice, in contrast to the management literature.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Antai, D., Oke, A., Braithwaite, & Anthony, D. S. (2015). A ‘balanced’ life: Work-life balance and sickness absence in Four Nordic Countries. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 6(4), 205–222.
Akintayo, D. I. (2010). Work-family conflict and organization commitment among industrial workers in Nigeria. Journal of Psychology and Counselling, 2(1), 1–8.
Beauregard, T. A., & Henry, L. C. (2009). Making the link between work-life balance practices and organizational performance. Human Resource Management Review, 19, 9–22.
Boamah, S. A., & Laschinger, H. (2015). The influence of areas of worklife fit and work-life interference on burnout and turnover intentions among new graduate nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12318.
Bond, J. T., Galinsky, E., Kim, S. S., & Brownfield, E. (2005). National study of employers. NY: Families and Work Institute.
Bosch, G. (2004). Towards a new standard employment relationship in Western Europe. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 42, 617–636.
Bratberg, E., Dahl, S. Å., & Risa, A. E. (2002). The double burden. Do combinations of career and family obligations increase sickness absence among women? European Sociological Review, 18, 233–249.
Burke, R. J., & Greenglass, E. R. (2001). Hospital restructuring, work-family conflict and psychological burnout among nursing staff. Psychology and Health, 16, 583–594.
Cho, J., Laschinger, H. K. S., & Wong, C. (2006). Workplace empowerment, work engagement and organizational commitment of new graduate nurses. Nursing Leadership, 19(3), 43–60.
Chen, P. Y., & Cooper, C. L. (2014). Wellbeing: A complete reference guide, work and wellbeing. Oxford, UK: Wiley.
Crompton, R., & Lyonette, C. (2006). Work-life ‘balance’ in Europe. Acta Social, 49, 379–393.
Frone, M. R., Yardley, J. K., & Markel, K. S. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the work-family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 145–167.
Frone, M. R. (2003). Work-family balance. In J. C. Quick, & L. E. Tetrick (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 13–162). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 510–531.
Greenhaus, J. H., Allen, T. D., & Spector, P. E. (2006). Health consequences of work-family conflict: The dark side of the work family interface. Research in Occupational Stress and Wellbeing, 5, 61–98.
Grzywacz, J. G., & Carlson, D. S. (2007). Conceptualizing work– family balance: Implications for practice and research. Advances Developing Human Resources, 9, 455–471.
Hayes, L. J., O’Brien-Pallas, L., Duffield, C., et al. (2006). Nurse turnover: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43, 237–263.
Jacobs, J. A., & Gerson, K. (2004). The time divide: Work, family, and gender inequality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Jansen, N. W., Kant, I. J., van Amelsvoort, L. G., et al. (2006). Work-family conflict as a risk factor for sickness absence. Occupational Environment Medicine, 63, 488–494.
Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T., et al. (2011). Workplace social support and work-family conflict: A meta-analysis clarifying the influence of general and work-family specific supervisor and organisation support. Personal Psychology, 64, 289–313.
Lambert, S. J., & Waxman, E. (2005). Organizational stratification: Distributing opportunities for work-life integration. In E. E. Kossek & S. J. Lambert (Eds.), Work and life integration: Organizational, cultural and individual perspectives (pp. 103–126). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2004). Areas of worklife: A structured approach to organizational predictors of job burn-out. In P. I. Perrewe & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), Research in occupational stress and well-being (pp. 91–134). Oxford: Elsevier.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., et al. (2011). Antecedents of work-family conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal Organization Behaviour, 32, 689–725.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Nielsen, M. L., Kristensen, T. S., & Smith-Hansen, L. (2002). The Intervention Project on Absence and Well-being (IPAW): Design and results from the baseline of a 5-year study. Work Stress, 16, 191–206.
Parasuraman, S., & Greenhaus, J. H. (1997). The changing world of work and family. In S. Parasuraman & J. H. Greenhaus (Eds.), Integrating work and family: Challenges & choices for a changing world (pp. 3–14). Westport, CN: Quorum Books.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th ed.). London: Pearson Education, Financial Times, Prentice Hall
Serena, Y. (2014). Work-life balance—Work intensification and job insecurity as job stressors. Labour & Industry, 24, 203–216.
Simon, M., Kummerling, A., & Hasselhorn, H. M. (2004). Work home conflict in the European nursing profession. International Journal of Occupational Environmental Health, 10, 384–391.
Van Manen, M. (1994). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy. New York, NY: State University of New York Press.
Virtanen, M., Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., et al. (2003). From insecure to secure employment: Changes in work, health, health related behaviours, and sickness absence. Occupation Environment Medicine, 60, 948–953.
Voydanoff, P. (2004). The effects of work demands and resources on work-to-family conflict. Journal of Marriage Family, 66, 398–412.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cvenkel, N. (2020). Work-Life Balance and Well-Being at Work: Strategies for Individual and Organisational Health and Potential. In: Well-Being in the Workplace: Governance and Sustainability Insights to Promote Workplace Health . Approaches to Global Sustainability, Markets, and Governance. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3619-9_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3619-9_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-3618-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-3619-9
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)