Skip to main content

Human Age Prediction from Facial Image Using Transfer Learning in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Algorithms for Intelligent Systems ((AIS))

Abstract

Automatic age estimation task has attracted attention due to its numerous applications particularly in the field of social media and e-commerce. In this study, a pipeline method of age estimation from human facial images has been investigated where different pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are managed through transfer learning. Age may be represented by an integer or floating-point number, but it has some coherence; facial images of few consecutive years of an individual are not so different; even human eye could differentiate a little. Therefore, age estimation of the present study is performed as both regression and classification tasks to show which method preserves more coherence. Only additional layer(s) to the pre-trained DCNNs are reformed for this purpose. Different year groupings (individual, five and ten) are also considered in case of classification. In the proposed method, different DCNN versions of ResNets, Inception and DenseNet are considered on cross-age celebrity dataset (CACD), UTKFace and FGNet datasets. The proposed method is shown to achieve remarkable performance while compared with the existing methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bukar AM, Ugail H (2017) Automatic age estimation from facial profile view. IET Comput Vis 11(8):650–655. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cvi.2016.0486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chang KY et al (2011) Ordinal hyperplanes ranker with cost sensitivities for age estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995437

  3. Chao W-L et al (2013) Facial age estimation based on label-sensitive learning and age-oriented regression. Pattern Recognit 46(3):628–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2012.09.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen B-C et al (2014) Cross-age reference coding for age-invariant face recognition and retrieval. In: Lecture notes in computer science (including subseries Lecture notes in artificial intelligence and Lecture notes in bioinformatics), pp 768–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10599-4_49

  5. Choi SE et al (2011) Age estimation using a hierarchical classifier based on global and local facial features. Pattern Recognit 44(6):1262–1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2010.12.005

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Deng J et al (2009) ImageNet: a large-scale hierarchical image database. In: 2009 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 248–255. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2009.5206848

  7. Eidinger E et al (2014) Age and gender estimation of unfiltered faces. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 9(12):2170–2179. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2014.2359646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Fernández C et al (2015) A comparative evaluation of regression learning algorithms for facial age estimation. In: Lecture notes in computer science (including subseries Lecture notes in artificial intelligence and Lecture notes in bioinformatics), pp 133–144 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13737-7_12

  9. Fu Y et al (2014) Interestingness prediction by robust learning to rank. In: Lecture notes in computer science (including subseries Lecture notes in artificial intelligence and Lecture notes in bioinformatics), pp 488–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10605-2_32

  10. Geng X et al (2007) Automatic age estimation based on facial aging patterns. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 29(12):2234–2240. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2007.70733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Guo G et al (2009) Human age estimation using bio-inspired features. In: 2009 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 112–119. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW.2009.5206681

  12. Han H et al (2013) Age estimation from face images: Human vs. machine performance. In: 2013 international conference on biometrics (ICB), pp 1–8. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICB.2013.6613022

  13. Huang G et al (2017) Densely connected convolutional networks. In: 2017 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 2261–2269. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2017.243

  14. Suo J et al (2010) A compositional and dynamic model for face aging. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 32(3):385–401. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2009.39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kaur M et al (2015) Analysis of facial soft tissue changes with aging and their effects on facial morphology: a forensic perspective. Egypt J Forensic Sci 5(2):46–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2014.07.006

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Kim J et al (2015) Facial age estimation via extended curvature Gabor filter. In: 2015 IEEE international conference on image processing (ICIP), pp 1165–1169. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2015.7350983

  17. Kwon YH, da Vitoria Lobo N (1999) Age classification from facial images. Comput Vis Image Underst 74(1):1–21. https://doi.org/10.1006/cviu.1997.0549

  18. Lanitis A et al (2002) Toward automatic simulation of aging effects on face images. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(4):442–455. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.993553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Levi G, Hassncer T (2015) Age and gender classification using convolutional neural networks. In: 2015 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW), pp 34–42. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW.2015.7301352

  20. Luu K et al (2011) Contourlet appearance model for facial age estimation. In: 2011 international joint conference on biometrics (IJCB), pp 1–8. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCB.2011.6117601

  21. Niu Z et al (2016) Ordinal regression with multiple output CNN for age estimation. In: 2016 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 4920–4928. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016.532

  22. Oquab M et al (2014) Learning and transferring mid-level image representations using convolutional neural networks. In: 2014 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1717–1724. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2014.222

  23. Qawaqneh Z et al (2017) Age and gender classification from speech and face images by jointly fine-tuned deep neural networks. Expert Syst Appl 85:76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.05.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ramanathan N, Chellappa R (2006) Modeling age progression in young faces. In: 2006 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR’06), vol 1, pp 387–394. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2006.187

  25. Shen CT et al (2014) 3D age progression prediction in children’s faces with a small exemplar-image set. J Inf Sci Eng 30(4):1131–1148

    Google Scholar 

  26. Szegedy C et al (2015) Going deeper with convolutions. In: 2015 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 1–9. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298594

  27. Thukral P et al (2015) A hierarchical approach for human age estimation. In: ICASSP, IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing—proceedings, pp 1529–1532. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2012.6288182

  28. Torrey L, Shavlik J. Transfer learning. In: Handbook of research on machine learning applications and trends, pp 242–264. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-766-9.ch011

  29. Viola P, Jones M (2005) Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. July 2014, I-511–I-518. https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2001.990517

  30. Wu S et al (2018) Deep residual learning for image steganalysis. Multimed Tools Appl 77(9):10437–10453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4440-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Wu T et al (2012) Age estimation and face verification across aging using landmarks. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 7(6):1780–1788. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2012.2213812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Yosinski J et al (2014) How transferable are features in deep neural networks? In: Ghahramani Z et al (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems, vol 27, pp 3320–3328. Curran Associates, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Zhang Z et al (2017) Age progression/regression by conditional adversarial autoencoder. In: 2017 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 4352–4360. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2017.463

  34. Zhao W et al (2003) Face recognition. ACM Comput Surv 35(4):399–458. https://doi.org/10.1145/954339.954342

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. A. H. Akhand .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Akhand, M.A.H., Ijaj Sayim, M., Roy, S., Siddique, N. (2020). Human Age Prediction from Facial Image Using Transfer Learning in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. In: Uddin, M.S., Bansal, J.C. (eds) Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3607-6_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics