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Air Pollution and Environmental Health pp 87–113Cite as

Role of Global Climate Change in Crop Yield Reductions

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Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 20))

Abstract

Uncontrolled emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) leads to global warming and climate change. It is progressively changing at an alarming rate in the coming future. Increasing global warming is responsible for the difference in temperature, frequency of precipitation, drought events, and heat waves. By the end of the twenty-first century, the CO2 crosses the concentration more than 600–1000 ppm, and it increases the temperature by 1–2 °C in tropical and subtropical countries. It is anticipated that food grain production would decline up to 30% depending on the plant group (C3 and C4 plant). This chapter deals with how C3 and C4 crop plant responds to elevated CO2 and higher temperature. Increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 and higher temperature will promote or decrease crop growth period, development, quality, and yield. The various physiological processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and stomatal conductance are the sole mechanisms for endorsing crop growth. C3 crops grown from ambient (360 ppm) to high (720 ppm) CO2 concentrations initially enhances the net CO2 fixation and growth by nearly 30% but later on it reduced in photorespiration processes. Hence, CO2 acclimation lowers down the overall shoot nitrogen concentrations. Later on, this led to a reduction in protein content and ultimately affected the plant growth rate and biomass, whereas even under the ambient CO2, the C4 plant assimilation capability becomes saturated. The higher temperature will be responsible for heat shock injury as well as biochemical and physiological changes. Subsequently, it reduced grain production and yield depending on the geographical place. The higher temperature influences and maintains the equilibrium between C3 photosynthetic carbon assimilation and photorespiration process. It is predicted that after the interaction of atmospheric CO2 and temperature under experimental conditions, C3 plants more favored under elevated CO2 whereas, C4 plant more favored under higher temperature. There is a need for mitigation and adaptation strategies to improve agricultural crop production and minimizes the production risk for sustainable development.

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  1. Department of Botany, DA-V (PG) College, CSJM University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Gyan Prakash Gupta

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  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Pallavi Saxena

  2. Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Anju Srivastava

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Gupta, G.P. (2020). Role of Global Climate Change in Crop Yield Reductions. In: Saxena, P., Srivastava, A. (eds) Air Pollution and Environmental Health. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 20. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3481-2_5

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