Abstract
Cow milk is a colloidal solution that contains numerous biomolecules essential for growth and maintenance. Caseins in cow milk are phosphoproteins divided into α, β, κ-forms. β-casein has 12 genetic variants that are represented by A1, A2, A3, B, C, D, E, F, H1, H2, I, G letters. The mutation on exon VII on sixth chromosome of cow β-casein gene leads to replacement to histidine from proline at position 67. It leads to the division of milk into A1 and A2 “like”. A1 “like” milk (histidine, 67) includes B, C, F and G alleles while A2 “like” milk (proline, 67) further includes A3, D, E, H1, H2 and I alleles. Some of the Western cattle breeds (Angus, Ayrshire, Black Pied and Braham) demonstrate higher frequency of A1 and some depict lower A1 (Brown Italian, Brown Swiss and Guernsey) allele frequency of β-casein gene in cow milk. The Indian indigenous cows show higher A2 allele frequency while the crossbred cows demonstrate both alleles, still with higher A2 allele frequency.
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Ul Haq, M.R. (2020). Cow Milk. In: β-Casomorphins. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3457-7_1
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