Abstract
In this paper, we report the adaptation and validation of Chan et al. (2012) “Entrepreneurship, Professionalism and Leadership” (EPL) motivation scales for use in the working adult population. Three studies were conducted. In the first study, 214 working adults from healthcare, research, innovation and enterprise sectors were surveyed for the development of an initial item set. Data from another 464 adult working samples from similar sectors were collected with the revised version of the measurement. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the scales had acceptable psychometric properties. Scale means compared across the various survey groupings (e.g., healthcare high-potentials vs. research scientists vs. entrepreneurs vs. administrative staff) seemed to be in expected directions. Moreover, Chan et al.’s finding that the more “multidimensional” an individual’s E, P and L motivations, the stronger their boundaryless mindset and protean career attitudes , was replicated. In the third study, 231 working samples from New Zealand were recruited to check the factor replicability cross-culturally. The potential of the EPL framework for talent development in an innovation economy is discussed.
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Notes
- 1.
We thank Dr. Jeffrey Kennedy and his research team in Massey university in collecting and sharing this dataset with us.
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Appendix 1
Appendix 1
EPL Career Aspiration Scale for Working Adults
Instructions: Please read each statement below carefully and indicate the extent you disagree or agree with the following statements, using the response scale below. Please circle the appropriate response besides each statement.
SD | D | N | A | SA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Strongly disagree | Disagree | Neither agree nor disagree | Agree | Strongly agree |
SD | D | N | A | SA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Entrepreneurial motivation (E) | EAI# | 1. Ever since I was a kid, I have dreamed about opening my own business | SD | D | N | A | SA |
EAI | 2. I am the type of person that is best suited to be an entrepreneur | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
EAI | 3. I am the kind of person who constantly has ideas about new businesses | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
ECL | 4. I see working for myself as the best way to escape the rigidity and routines of organizations/companies | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
ECL | 5. Starting and running my own company will allow me to derive the full reward of my own efforts and ideas | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
ECL | 6. The rewards and satisfaction of starting and running a business far outweigh the risks and sacrifices needed | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
ESN | 7. This country needs more entrepreneurs and I feel obliged to “give it a go” | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
ESN | 8. I have always been taught in the value of starting a business (e.g. it provides jobs and helps the economy) | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
ESN | 9. If my family or friends asked me to go into business, I would consider it favourably | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
Professional Motivation (P) | PAI | 10. I enjoy reading articles and attending courses that deepen or update my professional expertise | SD | D | N | A | SA |
PAI | 11. I am best suited for professional jobs where I can make use of the knowledge I have gained in the past | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
PAI | 12. I care deeply about advancing and creating knowledge in my area of expertise (specialization) | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
PCL | 13. Being a respected professional will assure me of a steady income, prestige, and status in society | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
PCL | 14. My chosen profession will give me a comfortable life with acceptable prestige or status in society | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
PCL | 15. If I stick to being a profession in my industry, I am guaranteed to make a good living | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
PSN | 16. The best way to increase my country’s competitiveness is for people like me to become highly skilled professionals in my industry | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
PSN | 17. I feel that I have a responsibility to stay and excel in my current profession | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
PSN | 18. If asked to teach in an advanced course or program in my specialty area, I would be honored to do it | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
Leadership Motivation (L) | LAI | 19. I have always enjoyed leading others and would assume leadership roles whenever I could | SD | D | N | A | SA |
LAI | 20. I am the kind of person who likes influencing and managing people more than doing anything else | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
LAI | 21. I am definitely more of a leader by nature, so I am happy to assume leadership responsibilities whenever I can | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
LNCL | 22. I don’t expect to get any privileges if I agree to lead or be responsible for a project | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
LNCL | 23. I am interested in leading groups even if there are no clear advantages for me | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
LNCL | 24. When I agree to lead a group, I don’t seek advantages or special benefits | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
LSN | 25. I would agree to be a project leader whenever asked by my coworkers | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
LSN | 26. If I am nominated to be in charge of a project or a group, I feel it is an honor and privilege to accept such a role | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
LSN | 27. I would accept a managerial position if nominated by peers or senior management | SD | D | N | A | SA | |
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Ho, MH.R., Chan, KY. (2020). Development of Entrepreneurship-Professionalism-Leadership Motivations Scale for Working Adults Population. In: Ho, M., Kennedy, J., Uy, M., Chan, KY. (eds) Entrepreneurship–Professionalism–Leadership. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3121-7_4
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