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The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine

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Ketamine

Abstract

In recent years, the prevalence, mental disability, and suicide rates of depression have been increasing without a corresponding significant change in cure rate, making depression the second largest disease burden worldwide. There is an urgent need to find more effective drugs and other therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence has revealed that ketamine elicits a fast-acting and sustained antidepressant effect, but the potential mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effects are not yet fully clear. Previous studies have indicated that ketamine’s mechanism of action involves the inhibition of presynaptic and postsynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in GABAergic interneurons and the activation of postsynaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tyrosine kinase receptor B (BDNF-TrkB) signaling pathway. Additionally, there is growing evidence that the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the antidepressant effects of ketamine. In this chapter, we will discuss recent findings regarding the correlation between gut microbiota and the antidepressant effects of ketamine and their potential mechanisms of action. Further understanding of these pathways will likely lead to the development of novel and more effective treatments for depression.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China

    Yue Wang, Xiaolin Xu & Ailin Luo

  2. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

    Chun Yang

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  1. Yue Wang
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  2. Xiaolin Xu
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  3. Ailin Luo
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  4. Chun Yang
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

    Kenji Hashimoto

  2. Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical, Tokyo, Japan

    Soichiro Ide

  3. Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazutaka Ikeda

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Wang, Y., Xu, X., Luo, A., Yang, C. (2020). The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine. In: Hashimoto, K., Ide, S., Ikeda, K. (eds) Ketamine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2902-3_8

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