Abstract
In the United States, the US-China rivalry is viewed primarily through the military-strategic lens with planners thinking in terms of weaponry that include long-range bombers, stealth ships, and new submarines to counter the People’s Liberation Army. Additionally, in the Trump era, there has been a push to try and make the Chinese adhere to a Western-imposed economic order that Beijing views as partially disadvantageous to its future economic growth.
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Notes
- 1.
See the US Nuclear Posture Review that explicitly states the need for such systems to counter the changing strategic balance with China.
- 2.
Barry Machado, In Search of a Usable Past: The Marshall Plan and Postwar Reconstruction Today (Lexington, VA: George C. Marshall Foundation, 2007), pp. 5–12.
- 3.
See Nick Cullather, The Hungry World: America’s Cold War Battle Against Poverty in Asia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), pp. 11–20.
- 4.
Yoichi Shimermura, “Globalization vs. Americanization: Is the World Being Americanized by the Dominance of American Culture?” Comparative Civilizations Review, Vol. 47, No. 47, Fall 2002, pp. 80–81.
- 5.
Walden Bello, “Pacific Panopticon,” NLR 16, July–August 2002, Available at https://newleftreview.org/issues/II16/articles/walden-bello-pacific-panopticon. Accessed on July 19, 2019.
- 6.
Barry R. Posen, “Command of the Commons: The Military Foundation of U.S. Hegemony,” International Security, Vol. 28, No. 1, Summer 2003, pp. 7–15.
- 7.
Ibid., p. 10.
- 8.
Ibid., pp. 16–19.
- 9.
Emre Peker and Jeffrey T. Lewis, “EU, Mercosur Reach Agreement on Trade,” The Wall Street Journal, June 28, 2019. For Trump’s being in favor of bilateral deals see Harry G. Broadman, “Trump’s Misplaced Penchant for Bilateral Trade Deals, Forbes,” January 31, 2018, Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/harrybroadman/2018/01/31/trumps-misplaced-penchant-for-bilateral-trade-deals/#fa0baef57b95. Accessed on July 19, 2019.
- 10.
Interview with Professor Xiaoming Zhang, USAF Air War College, Montgomery, AL, January 19, 2019.
- 11.
U.S. Nuclear Posture Review 2018, Office Secretary of Defense, Washington, DC, 2018, p. II.
- 12.
Nouriel Roubini, “The Decline of American Empire,” RGE Monitor, August 13, 2008.
- 13.
World Trade Statistical Review 2018, World Trade Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2018, p. 13.
- 14.
Michael Schuman, “The U.S. Can’t Make Allies Take Sides over China,” The Atlantic, April 25, 2019, Available at https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2019/04/us-allies-washington-china-belt-road/587902/. Accessed on July 19, 2019.
- 15.
Henry M. Paulson Jr., Dealing with China: An Insider Unmasks the New Economic Superpower (New York: Twelve, 2015), pp. 249–250.
- 16.
Yanis Varoufakis, “Trump and Trade Tariffs: Big Lies Founded on Small Truths,” The Guardian, March 18, 2018, Available at https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/18/trump-trade-tariffs-debate-yanis-varoufakis. Accessed on July 2, 2019.
- 17.
James Langford, “600 Plus US Companies Urge Trump to End China Tariffs,” Washington Examiner, June 13, 2019, Available at https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/600-plus-us-companies-urge-trump-to-end-china-tariffs. Accessed on July 3, 2019.
- 18.
Hugh White, The China Choice: Why America Should Share Power (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 33.
- 19.
Joseph Nye Jr., “Soft Power and American Foreign Policy,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 119, No. 2, 2004, p. 256.
- 20.
Edward Hallett Carr, The Twenty Year Crisis 1919–1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations (London: Macmillan, 1949), pp. 132–138.
- 21.
Joseph S. Nye Jr., “Soft Power,” Foreign Policy, No. 80, Autumn 1990, p. 167.
- 22.
“Vladimir Putin Says Liberalism Has Become Obsolete,” Financial Times, June 28, 2019, Available at https://www.ft.com/content/670039ec-98f3-11e9-9573-ee5cbb98ed36. Accessed on July 2, 2019.
- 23.
“Embracing the BRI Ecosystem in 2018: Navigating Pitfalls and Seizing Opportunities,” Deloitte Insights, 2018, p. 8.
- 24.
Carr, The Twenty Year Crisis, p. 133.
- 25.
For a discussion of the pros and cons of CPEC, see China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Opportunities and Risks, International Crisis Group, Asia Report No. 297, June 2018.
- 26.
U.S. Nuclear Posture Review 2018, Office Secretary of Defense, Washington, DC, 2018, p. 54.
- 27.
Louisa Lim and Julia Bergin, “Inside China’s Audacious Global Propaganda Campaign,” The Guardian, December 7, 2018, Available at https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/dec/07/china-plan-for-global-media-dominance-propaganda-xi-jinping. Accessed on July 2, 2019.
- 28.
Ibid.
- 29.
Hannah Beech, “How China Is Remaking the Global Film Industry,” Time, January 16, 2017, Available at https://time.com/4649913/china-remaking-global-film-industry/. Accessed on July 2, 2019.
- 30.
John Hillman, “The Chinese Belt and Road Is Full of Holes,” CSIS Briefs, September 2018, p. 1.
- 31.
“Embracing the BRI Ecosystem in 2018,” p. 2.
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Gupta, A. (2020). Global Strike vs. Globalization: The US-China Rivalry and the BRI. In: Leandro, F., Duarte, P. (eds) The Belt and Road Initiative. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2564-3_3
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