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Evaluation of Toxicity of Nanoparticles Using Brine Shrimp

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Model Organisms to Study Biological Activities and Toxicity of Nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) have a momentous role in disease healing and drug delivery system that leads to the development of a new field known as nanopharmacology. Nanoparticles are generally coated with polymers, metal ions, chemical surfactants, etc., owing to their properties, i.e., with the decrease in size they tend to evoke toxicity that is predominantly triggered by the environmental and human health risk. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the toxicity of nanoparticles using model systems. The purpose of the present chapter is to estimate the toxicity of nanoparticles against brine shrimp (Artemia). They are the essential part in the process of energy discharge of the food web in aquatic surroundings. Latterly, researchers have focal point on brine shrimp due to their accessibility, inexpensive and expeditious screening procedure. It is convenient to exemplify the toxicological impacts of nanoparticles toward brine shrimp, their mechanism, strategy and future prospective. The toxicity assay of NPs in Artemia are of low cost, continuously accessible, simple and steady. Researchers employed various types of nanoparticles to elucidate the toxicity and safety effects on brine shrimps. The green methods of synthesis have been attracted by scientists due to its low cost, ease of characterisation and capability to reduce NPs toxicity. In addition, researchers also used brine shrimp toxicity assay to evaluate the lethal effect of chemically synthesized nanoparticles. It also discusses the toxicological evaluation of NPs by in vitro and in vivo assessment and brief details on biology of brine shrimp.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India

    Sairengpuii Hnamte & Busi Siddhardha

  2. UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience’s/Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa

    Kasinathan Kaviyarasu

  3. Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), Somerset West, Western Cape Province, South Africa

    Kasinathan Kaviyarasu

Authors
  1. Sairengpuii Hnamte
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  2. Kasinathan Kaviyarasu
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  3. Busi Siddhardha
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India

    Busi Siddhardha

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India

    Madhu Dyavaiah

  3. Materials Research Group, iThemba LABS-National Research Fond., Cape Town, South Africa

    Kaviyarasu Kasinathan

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Hnamte, S., Kaviyarasu, K., Siddhardha, B. (2020). Evaluation of Toxicity of Nanoparticles Using Brine Shrimp. In: Siddhardha, B., Dyavaiah, M., Kasinathan, K. (eds) Model Organisms to Study Biological Activities and Toxicity of Nanoparticles. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1702-0_19

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