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Caenorhabditis elegans: Evaluation of Nanoparticle Toxicity

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Model Organisms to Study Biological Activities and Toxicity of Nanoparticles

Abstract

The relevance of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as an in vivo model organism in the study of nanoparticle/biological interactions and nanotoxicology has gained popularity recently. This is attributed to its short life cycle, a high degree of homology with higher organisms, and cost-effective maintenance. The ability of worms to self-fertilize and generate large numbers of progeny aided with the presence of complex tissue systems is ideal for nanotoxicological multiple endpoint study both in terms of mechanistic and high-throughput screening approaches. Nanoparticle-mediated toxicity in C. elegans can be assessed using different standard methods and protocols. For example, assays that determine worm growth, mortality rate, reproductive capability, and locomotion changes can provide accurate measurements and predictability when applied to higher mammalian systems. The use of reporter gene analysis such as green fluorescence protein (GFP) in transgenic strains and microRNAs studies in C. elegans has led to the discovery of different biomarkers for toxicity studies. Thus, researches on C. elegans model have contributed immensely to our realms of knowledge in nanoparticle-based toxicity, and this has allowed for elucidation of alterations at the cellular and molecular levels. In this chapter, discussions are directed toward our general outlook of C. elegans as a model organism to study nanoparticle-mediated toxicity and the different approaches and assays employed regularly in the measurement of nanotoxicity. Special emphasis is taken considering significances of different biomarkers and molecular responses involved in the process (e.g., oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress). Finally, based on recent evidence, the roles of common and important signaling pathways in regulations of nanotoxicity formation in C. elegans (p38 MAPK signaling, insulin signaling, programmed cell death, and TGF-β signaling pathway) are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India

    Sandeep Kumar & Kitlangki Suchiang

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  1. Sandeep Kumar
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  1. Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India

    Busi Siddhardha

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India

    Madhu Dyavaiah

  3. Materials Research Group, iThemba LABS-National Research Fond., Cape Town, South Africa

    Kaviyarasu Kasinathan

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Kumar, S., Suchiang, K. (2020). Caenorhabditis elegans: Evaluation of Nanoparticle Toxicity. In: Siddhardha, B., Dyavaiah, M., Kasinathan, K. (eds) Model Organisms to Study Biological Activities and Toxicity of Nanoparticles. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1702-0_17

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