Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Therapeutic Potential of “Aegeline,” an Important Phytochemical of Aegle marmelos: Current Health Perspectives for the Treatment of Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nanomedicine for Bioactives

Abstract

Herbal medicine is the best kinds of remedies not only to treat disorders but also have been used in the field of perfumery, nutraceuticals, fragrances, beverages, dyeing, and cosmetic industry. All the herbal medicine and vegetables including various fruits contain lots of important phytochemicals which come into primary or secondary metabolites. Phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, etc. are some of the best examples of phytochemical found in the herbs, vegetables, and fruits. Some of the best drugs ever discovered for the treatment of human disorders being available in the market are derived from herbal sources. Emergences of liposomes prepared from various natural sources have gained wide attention, and few examples are unilamellar, bilamellar, and multilamellar vesicles; however, PEG liposomes are superior over other conventional liposomes. Due to optimum encapsulation efficiency, biocompatibility, and enhanced drug specificity to the desired site, it has good applications in the medicine and pharmaceutical sectors. Bael (Aegle marmelos) is a subtropical tree that belongs to Rutaceae family and is a very common tree in India. All parts of Bael plant especially fruits have been used in the traditional medicine. Aegle marmelos leaves contain numerous phytochemicals including eugenol, lupeol, citronellal, aegeline, citral, cineol, skimmianine, cuminaldehyde, and marmesinin, which are important ones. Aegle marmelos plant is having very special place in the traditional system of medicine as leaves have been traditionally used for the treatment of fever, hepatitis, asthma, cardiac dysfunction, dyspepsia, inflammation, diabetes, seminal weakness, and febrifuge. The aim of this book chapter is to describe the importance of Aegle marmelos and their important phytochemical aeglin, in medicine and pharmaceutical sectors. Further evidence-based uses and application of Aegle marmelos and aeglin in various disorders have been also summarized in this book chapter. Important phytochemical present in this plant and their analytical techniques have been also discussed here. This chapter will be beneficial to all the scientific community for knowing the importance of Aegle marmelos and their phytochemical aeglin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

TNBS:

2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid

hMSCs:

Human mesenchymal stem cells

HFD:

High-fat diet

GLUT4:

Glucose transporter type 4

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

STZ:

Streptozotocin

CYP:

Cytochrome P450 enzymes

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

HR-ESI/MS:

High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

UHPLC:

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography

PDA:

Photodiode array detector

References

  1. Patel K, Kumar V, Verma A, Rahman M, Patel DK (2017) β-sitosterol: bioactive compounds in foods, their role in health promotion and disease prevention “a concise report of its phytopharmaceutical importance”. Curr Tradit Med 3(3):168–177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Patel K, Patel DK (2016a) Medicinal importance, pharmacological activities, and analytical aspects of hispidulin: a concise report. J Tradit Complement Med 7(3):360–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Patel K, Patel DK (2016b) Medicinal significance, pharmacological activities, and analytical aspects of ricinine: a concise report. J Coast Life Med 4(8):663–667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Patel K, Mishra R, Patel DK (2016) A review on phytopharmaceutical importance of asiaticoside. J Coast Life Med 4(12):1000–1007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Patel K, Kumar V, Rahman M, Verma A, Patel DK (2018) New insights into the medicinal importance, physiological functions and bioanalytical aspects of an important bioactive compound of foods ‘Hyperin’: health benefits of the past, the present, the future. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 7(1):31–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Devi M, Devi S, Sharma V, Rana N, Bhatia RK, Kumar A (2019) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using methanolic fruit extract of Aegle marmelos and their antimicrobial potential against human bacterial pathogens. J Tradit Complement Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.04.007

  7. Chandrasekara A, Daugelaite J, Shahidi F (2018) DNA scission and LDL cholesterol oxidation inhibition and antioxidant activities of Bael (Aegle marmelos) flower extracts. J Tradit Complement Med 8(3):428–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Patel P, Asdaq SMB (2010) Immunomodulatory activity of methanolic fruit extract of Aegle marmelos in experimental animals. Saudi Pharm J 18(3):161–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rajaram A, Vanaja GR, Vyakaranam P, Rachamallu A, Reddy GV, Anilkumar K et al (2018) Anti-inflammatory profile of Aegle marmelos (L) Correa (Bilva) with special reference to young roots grown in different parts of India. J Ayurveda Integr Med 9(2):90–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Azmi L, Shukla I, Goutam A, Allauddin RCV, Jawaid T et al (2019) In vitro wound healing activity of 1-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2-naphthalene-carboxaldehyde (HDNC) and other isolates of Aegle marmelos L.: enhances keratinocytes motility via Wnt/β-catenin and RAS-ERK pathways. Saudi Pharm J 27(4):532–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jindal M, Rana V, Kumar V, Sapra B, Tiwary AK (2017) Synthesis, physico-chemical and biomedical applications of sulfated Aegle marmelos gum: green chemistry approach. Arab J Chem 10:S2151–S2159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lanjhiyanaa S, Patra KC, Ahirwara D, Rana AC, Lanjhiyana SK (2012) A validated HPTLC Method for Simultaneous estimation of two marker compounds in Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., (Rutaceae) root bark. Der Pharm Lett 4(1):92–97

    Google Scholar 

  13. Rathee D, Kamboj A, Sachdev RK, Sidhu S (2018) Hepatoprotective effect of Aegle marmelos augmented with piperine co-administration in paracetamol model. Rev Bras Farmacogn 28(1):65–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wijewardana RMNA, Nawarathne SB, Wickramasinghe I, Gunawardane CR, Wasala WMCB, Thilakarathne BMKS (2016) Retention of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Dehydrated Bael (Aegle Marmelos) and palmyra (Borassus Flabellifer) fruit powders. Procedia Food Sci 6:170–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ibrahim NA, Mohammed MMD, Aly HF, Ali SA, Al-Hady D-A (2018) Efficiency of the leaves and fruits of Aegle marmelos methanol extract (L.) Correa and their relative hepatotoxicity induced by CCL4 and identification of their active constituents by using LC/MS/MS. Toxicol Rep 5:1161–1168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gautam S, Ishrat N, Singh R, Narender T, Srivastava AK (2015) Aegeline from Aegle marmelos stimulates glucose transport via Akt and Rac1 signaling, and contributes to a cytoskeletal rearrangement through PI3K/Rac1. Eur J Pharmacol 762:419–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rajan S, Satish S, Shankar K, Pandeti S, Varshney S, Srivastava A et al (2018) Aegeline inspired synthesis of novel β3-AR agonist improves insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo models of insulin resistance. Metabolism 85:1–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Satish S, Srivastava A, Yadav P, Varshney S, Choudhary R, Balaramnavar VM et al (2018) Aegeline inspired synthesis of novel amino alcohol and thiazolidinedione hybrids with antiadipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Eur J Med Chem 143:780–791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sarkar S, Sonkar R, Bhatia G, Tadigoppula N (2014) Synthesis of new N-acryl-1-amino-2-phenylethanol and N-acyl-1-amino-3-aryloxypropanols and evaluation of their antihyperlipidemic, LDL-oxidation and antioxidant activity. Eur J Med Chem 80:135–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Karmase A, Jagtap S, Bhutani KK (2013) Anti adipogenic activity of Aegle marmelos Correa. Phytomedicine 20(14):1267–1271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Narender T, Rajendar K, Sarkar S, Singh V, Chaturvedi U, Khanna A et al (2011) Synthesis of novel N-(2-hydroxy-2-p-tolylethyl)-amide and N-(2-oxo-2-p-tolylethyl)-amide derivatives and their antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 21(21):6393–6397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Narender T, Shweta S, Tiwari P, Papi Reddy K, Khaliq T, Prathipati P et al (2007) Antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic agent from Aegle marmelos. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 17(6):1808–1811

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Nugroho AE, Agistia DD, Tegar M, Purnomo H (2013) Interaction of active compounds from Aegle marmelos CORREA with histamine-1 receptor. Bioinformation 9(8):383–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Nugroho AE, Riyanto S, Sukari MA, Maeyama K (2011) Effects of aegeline, a main alkaloid of Aegle marmelos Correa leaves, on the histamine release from mast cells. Pak J Pharm Sci 24(3):359–367

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Manda VK, Avula B, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Walker LA, Khan SI (2016) Inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 by Aegle marmelos and its constituents. Xenobiotica [Internet] 46(2):117–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Derf A, Sharma A, Bharate SB, Chaudhuri B (2019) Aegeline, a natural product from the plant Aegle marmelos, mimics the yeast SNARE protein Sec22p in suppressing α-synuclein and Bax toxicity in yeast. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 29(3):454–460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Avula B, Chittiboyina A, Wang Y-H, Sagi S, Raman V, Wang M et al (2016) Simultaneous determination of Aegeline and six coumarins from different parts of the plant Aegle marmelos using UHPLC-PDA-MS and chiral separation of aegeline enantiomers using HPLC-ToF-MS. Planta Med 82(06):580–588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mohammed MMD, Ibrahim NA, El-Sakhawy FS, Mohamed KM, Deabes DAH (2016) Two new cytotoxic furoquinoline alkaloids isolated from Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa. Nat Prod Res 30(22):2559–2566

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Williams C (2003) Hydrosoluble formazan XTT: its application to natural products drug discovery for Leishmania. J Microbiol Methods 55(3):813–816

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Krupa J, Sureshkumar J, Silambarasan R, Priyadarshini K, Ayyanar M (2019) Integration of traditional herbal medicines among the indigenous communities in Thiruvarur District of Tamil Nadu. India J Ayurveda Integr Med 10(1):32–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Dinesh Kumar Patel, Kanika Patel & Mahfoozur Rahman

  2. BBS Institute of Pharmaceutical & Allied Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sudhir Chaudhary

Authors
  1. Dinesh Kumar Patel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kanika Patel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mahfoozur Rahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sudhir Chaudhary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mahfoozur Rahman

  2. Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India

    Sarwar Beg

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vikas Kumar

  4. Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India

    Farhan Jalees Ahmad

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Patel, D.K., Patel, K., Rahman, M., Chaudhary, S. (2020). Therapeutic Potential of “Aegeline,” an Important Phytochemical of Aegle marmelos: Current Health Perspectives for the Treatment of Disease. In: Rahman, M., Beg, S., Kumar, V., Ahmad, F. (eds) Nanomedicine for Bioactives . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1664-1_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation