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Endophytic Fungi and Their Impact on Agroecosystems

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Medicinal Plants: Biodiversity, Sustainable Utilization and Conservation

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Abstract

Plants are known to inhabit a variety of habitats that are exposed to extreme climatic conditions. The mutualistic associations of plants with microorganisms benefit them to coexist in harsh environments. The areas of plant such as rhizosphere (root), rhizoplane, and phyllosphere (apoplast of leaf) will serve microbes to the tissues of roots, shoots, leaves, flowers, and seeds. These microbes enter the plant through lenticels, stomata, wounds, ruptures, and nodules and become endophytes. There are two modes of endophyte transmission—horizontal (through airborne spores) and vertical (seeds) into the plants. The beneficial activities of endophytes are through release of antibiotics, proteases, chitinases, bacteriocins, siderophores, lipopeptides, and volatiles that control phytopathogens and improve plant growth and health. The plant endophytes are evaluated quantitatively by qPCR and culture methods (CFU/g tissue) and qualitatively by FISH, GUS, GFP, and PCR. In this discussion, endophytic fungi are represented to evaluate the studies carried out to present an overview of plant-fungi interactions that could be an alternative for improving agroecosystems by their applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana, India

    Ahmed Abdul Haleem Khan

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  1. Ahmed Abdul Haleem Khan
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  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Shaik Mahammad Khasim

  2. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China

    Chunlin Long

  3. Department of Plant Science, Mahidol University, Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand

    Kanchit Thammasiri

  4. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark

    Henrik Lutken

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Khan, A.A.H. (2020). Endophytic Fungi and Their Impact on Agroecosystems. In: Khasim, S.M., Long, C., Thammasiri, K., Lutken, H. (eds) Medicinal Plants: Biodiversity, Sustainable Utilization and Conservation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1636-8_26

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