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Oxidative Stress Monitoring in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

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Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiology of Diseases

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Abstract

In aerobic organisms, cellular respiration is an essential process that is divided into several steps. The third and last step is called oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the mitochondria, specifically in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondria are considered the cell “powerhouse” because they generate energy through oxidative phosphorylation, which is the main energy source in aerobic organisms. The generated energy is stored in the ATP molecule and is used to maintain various biological processes. Conversely, the mitochondria are also the primary site for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. If ROS are produced beyond the capacity of antioxidant systems to neutralize them, they induce oxidative stress. This condition is harmful for macromolecules and can lead to cell death. Oxidative stress and its consequences can be monitored by many assays that employ in vitro and in vivo models, which will be discussed throughout this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Thania Rios Rossi Lima & Bianca Camargo Penteado Sales

  2. Center for Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Thania Rios Rossi Lima, Bianca Camargo Penteado Sales & Lilian Cristina Pereira

  3. Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of Botucatu, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Lilian Cristina Pereira

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  1. Thania Rios Rossi Lima
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Correspondence to Lilian Cristina Pereira .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India

    Pawan K. Maurya

  2. Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Kamal Dua

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Lima, T.R.R., Sales, B.C.P., Pereira, L.C. (2020). Oxidative Stress Monitoring in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. In: Maurya, P., Dua, K. (eds) Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiology of Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1568-2_10

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