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Measurement of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Characteristics pp 235–281Cite as

Nonlinear Frequency-Mixing Photoacoustic Characterisation of a Crack

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Part of the book series: Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology ((SSMST))

Abstract

A one and two dimensional imaging of a crack by a novel nonlinear frequency-mixing photoacoustic method is presented. Acoustic waves are initiated by a pair of laser beams intensity-modulated at two different frequencies. The first laser beam, intensity modulated at a low frequency \(f_L\), generates a thermoelastic wave which modulates the local crack rigidity up to complete closing/opening of the crack, corresponding to crack breathing. The second laser beam, intensity modulated at much higher frequency \(f_H\), generates an acoustic wave incident on the breathing crack. The detection of acoustic waves at mixed frequencies \(f_H\pm nf_L\) (\(n=1,2,\dots \)), absent in the excitation frequency spectrum, provides detection of the crack, which can be achieved all-optically. The theory attributes the generation of the frequency-mixed spectral components to the modulation of the acoustic waves reflected/transmitted by the time-varying nonlinear rigidity of the crack. The crack rigidity is modified due to stationary and oscillating components from the laser-induced thermoelastic stresses. The amplitudes of the spectral sidelobes are non-monotonous functions of the increasing thermoelastic loading. Fitting such experimental evolutions with theoretical ones leads to estimating various local parameters of the crack, including its width and rigidity.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The beam sizes given, here and after, correspond to the 1/e level in intensity.

  2. 2.

    The spectra in Fig. 6.5a,b were extracted from this 1D scan when the co-focused beams are localised 500 and 0 \(\upmu \text {m}\) away from the crack, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LAUM, Le Mans Université, 72085, Le Mans, France

    Sylvain Mezil, Nikolay Chigarev, Vincent Tournat & Vitalyi Gusev

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  1. Sylvain Mezil
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  3. Vincent Tournat
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Correspondence to Sylvain Mezil .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Kyung-Young Jhang

  2. Engg Sci & Mechanics, EES Bldg 212, Pennsylvania State Univ, University Park, PA, USA

    Cliff J. Lissenden

  3. Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung, Kunststofftechnik, Univ. Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    Igor Solodov

  4. Dept. of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Yoshikazu Ohara

  5. Laboratoire d’Acoustique, Université du Maine, Le Mans, France

    Vitalyi Gusev

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Mezil, S., Chigarev, N., Tournat, V., Gusev, V. (2020). Nonlinear Frequency-Mixing Photoacoustic Characterisation of a Crack. In: Jhang, KY., Lissenden, C., Solodov, I., Ohara, Y., Gusev, V. (eds) Measurement of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Characteristics. Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1461-6_6

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