Abstract
Life on this planet was born in the ocean, and then evolved and spread throughout the aquatic areas. Marine life has now colonized all of the ocean, such as coastal (littoral) and open ocean; pelagic (photic and aphotic) and benthic; shallow (neritic) and deep seas. Fauna refers to animals, and flora refers to plants and algae. Other forms of life, such as protists, fungi, and bacteria, are also important members of marine communities. The minimal unit of biological classification or taxonomy is a ‘species’, which is a group with morphological and genetical similarity and reproduces with one another. Modern taxonomy was founded by Carl Linnaeus, who established the binary (binomial) nomenclature for a species (genus name + specific name), which is still used today.
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Reference
Whittaker, R. H. (1969). New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdoms. Science, 163, 150–160.
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Inaba, K. (2020). Marine Life Members. In: Inaba, K., Hall-Spencer, J. (eds) Japanese Marine Life. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1326-8_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1326-8_2
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