Abstract
Artificial muscles made of nylon fishing strings can be actuated using heating and cooling or induced electrically or thermally. These nylon fishing strings show promise in replacing the bulky and expensive actuators that are typically used in robotic prosthetic, as they are lightweight and relatively low in cost. The lifespan and performance of these artificial muscles need to be identified for further development in the use of prostheses and artificial muscles. In this research, we conducted experiments, where the nylon strings that have been coils into Super-coiled polymer (SCP) were tested after going through four different conditions of annealing process. these strings are then tested in lab-based rig to be checked for durability and performance. From the result, we discover that using Slow heating slow cooling (SHSC) annealing process makes the artificial muscles become more durable and while the string undergoes Fast heating fast cooling (FHFC), it can exert higher force comparing to other approaches. This result proves to be useful in deciding the most suitable process to prepare the string to obtain the best performance for the use in robotic prosthetic.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Maziz A, Concas A, Khaldi A, Stålhand J, Persson NK, Jager EWH (2017) Knitting and weaving artificial muscles. Sci Adv 3(1):1–12
Aach M et al (2014) Voluntary driven exoskeleton as a new tool for rehabilitation in chronic spinal cord injury: a pilot study. Spine J 14(12):2847–2853
Au SK et al (2015) System identification of human joint dynamics. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 18(1):55–87
Klute GK, Czerniecki JM, Hannaford B (1999) McKibben artificial muscles: pneumatic actuators with biomechanical\nintelligence. In: 1999 IEEE/ASME international conference on advanced intelligent mechatronics (Cat. No. 99TH8399), pp 1–6
Tondu B, Lopez P (2000) Modeling and control of McKibben artificial muscle robot actuators. IEEE Control Syst Mag 20(2):15–38
Pei Q, IEEE (2009) Artificial muscles based on synthetic dielectric elastomers. In: 2009 annual international conference of the ieee engineering in medicine and biology society, vols 1–20, pp 6826–6829
Zheng W et al (2011) Artificial muscles based on polypyrrole/carbon nanotube laminates. Adv Mater 2011(23):2966–2970
Meng Q, Hu J (2009) A review of shape memory polymer composites and blends. Compos. Part A Appl Sci Manuf 40(11):1661–1672
Haines CS, Li N, Spinks GM, Aliev AE, Di J, Baughman RH (2016) New twist on artificial muscles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(42):706–728
Haines CS et al (2014) Artificial muscles from fishing line and sewing thread. Science 343(6173):868–872
Mirvakili SM et al (2014) Simple and strong: twisted silver painted nylon artificial muscle actuated by Joule heating. Proc SPIE 9056(905601):1–10
Saharan L, Sharma A, Jung de Andrade, M, Baughman RH, Tadesse Y (2017) Design of a 3D printed lightweight orthotic device based on twisted and coiled polymer muscle: iGrab hand orthosis. Proc SPIE 10164:1016428-1
Atikah NA, Leong YW, Adzly A, Chau CF, Salleh MSK, Izham ZA (2017) Control of non-linear actuator of artificial muscles for the use in low-cost robotics prosthetics limbs. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, Paper no. 257
Cherubini A, Moretti G, Vertechy R, Fontana M (2015) Experimental characterization of thermally-activated artificial muscles based on coiled nylon fishing lines. AIP Adv 5(067158):1–11
Yin H, Zhou J, Li J, Joseph VS (2018) Fabrication and properties of composite artificial muscles based on nylon and a shape memory alloy. J Mater Eng Perform 27(7):3581–3589
Netland Ø et al (2017) On the control and properties of supercoiled polymer artificial muscles. Sens Actuators A Phys 2(3):1–6
Haines CS (2014) How to make an artificial muscle out of fishing line. Sci Friday, pp 1–6
Lynch-Aird N, Woodhouse J (2017) Annealing process of nylon string. Mater (Basel) 10(497):4
Babatope B, Isaac D (1992) Annealing of isotropic nylon-6, 6. Polymer (Guildf) 33(Dec 1990):1664–1668
Zhang Q, Mo Z, Liu S, Zhang H (2000) Influence of annealing on structure of nylon 11. Macromolecules 33(16):5999–6005
Acknowledgements
This research is funded under UNITEN Internal Research Grant (UNIIG J510050696). The authors would like to thank those who had directly and indirectly provided insights which greatly assisted this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Atikah, N.A., Leong, Y.W., Anuar, A. (2020). Impact of Different Annealing Processes on the Performance of Nylon-Based Artificial Muscles for the Use in Robotic Prosthetic Limbs. In: Zakaria, Z., Ahmad, R. (eds) Advances in Electronics Engineering. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 619. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1289-6_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1289-6_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-1288-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-1289-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)