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Vectors of Development for Asiatic Russia

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The “Roads” and “Belts” of Eurasia

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Abstract

The Asian Infrastructure Investments Bank classifies Russia as an Asian country. It reflects the current geopolitical context claimed by Russia, which includes turning to the East and development of Greater Eurasia. But along with this Russia has to work on its own geopolitical and internal issues, especially within the development of own Asian part of the country.

The research for this chapter by Alexander Lukin was supported by a grant from the Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs of the National Research University—Higher School of Economics in 2019.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Members and Prospective Members of the Bank. Regional Members, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, July 13, 2019, https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/members-of-bank/index.html (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  2. 2.

    The project was initially called “The Great Siberian Railway”. “Velikij Sibirskij put’ 1891–1916” [The Great Siberian Railway 1891–1916], Izdatel’skij Dom Sorokinoj [Sorokina Publishing House], http://www.ids55.ru/ais/articles/stroitelstvo/277%2D%2D%2D%2D1891-1916-.html (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  3. 3.

    P.A. Stolypin, Speeches in the State Duma (1906–1911), (Petrograd: Interior Ministry Press, 1916), pp. 132–133.

  4. 4.

    D.N. Belyanin, “Stolypinskaya agrarnaya reforma v Sibiri” [Stolypin’s Agrarian Reform in Siberia], Tomsk State University Journal. History, 2012, 1(17), pp. 14–18.

  5. 5.

    Z.A. Kovaleva and S.V. Plokhikh, Istoriya Dal’nego Vostoka Rossii [The History of the Russian Far East], (Vladivostok: TIDOT DVGU, 2002), pp. 175–176.

  6. 6.

    P.A. Minakir and O.M. Prokapalo, “Rossijskij Dal’nij Vostok: ehkonomicheskie fobii i geopoliticheskie ambicii” [Russian Far East: Economic Phobias and Geopolitical Ambitions], ECO, 2017, 47(4), pp. 10–11.

  7. 7.

    Z.A. Kovaleva and S.V. Plokhikh, Istoriya Dal’nego Vostoka Rossii [The History of the Russian Far East], (Vladivostok: TIDOT DVGU, 2002), pp. 181–182.

  8. 8.

    S.A. Papkov, Stalinskij terror v Sibiri. 1928–1941 [Stalin’s Terror in Siberia. 1928–1941], (Novosibirsk: Publishing House of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1997).

  9. 9.

    Ibid., pp. 208–209.

  10. 10.

    V.L. Larin, Vneshnyaya ugroza kak dvizhushhaya sila osvoeniya i razvitiya Tixookeanskoj Rossii [External Threat as a Driving Force for the Development of Russia’s Pacific Region], (Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center, 2013), p. 11, https://carnegie.ru/2013/05/30/ru-pub-52144 (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  11. 11.

    N.M. Platonova, “Rossijskij Dal’nij Vostok v 1965–1985 gody: specifika promyshlennogo razvitiya regiona” [Russian Far East in the 1965–1985s: Specific Character of the Industrial Development of the Region], Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Sciences, 2009, 119, p. 10.

  12. 12.

    Z.A. Kovaleva and S.V. Plokhikh, Istoriya Dal’nego Vostoka Rossii [The History of the Russian Far East], (Vladivostok: TIDOT DVGU, 2002), pp. 210–211.

  13. 13.

    M.V. Slavkina, “Istoriya prinyatiya resheniya o promyshlennom osvoenii Zapadnoj Sibiri” [The History Behind the Decision to industrialize Western Siberia], in L.I. Borodkin (ed.), Ekonomicheskaya istoriya. Obozrenie. Vyp. 10 [Economic History. Review. Issue 10], (Moscow: Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2005), pp. 146–158.

  14. 14.

    M.S. Gorbachev, Izbrannye rechi i stat’i [Selected Speeches and Articles], (Moscow: Politizdat, 1987), Vol. 4, p. 24.

  15. 15.

    Ibid., p. 17.

  16. 16.

    Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva Rossijskoj Federacii ot 19 marta 2002 goda N 169 “O federal’noj celevoj programme ‘Ekonomicheskoe i social’noe razvitie Dal’nego Vostoka i Zabajkal’ya na 1996–2005 i do 2010 goda’” (s izmeneniyami na 21 noyabrya 2007 goda) [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 19, 2002 N 169 “On the Federal Target Program ‘Economic and Social Development of the Far East and Transbaikal for 1996–2005 and up to 2010’” (amended November 21, 2007)], Konsorcium Kodeks. Elektronnyj fond pravovoj i normativno-technicheskoj dokumentacii [Consortium Codex. Electronic Collection of Legal, Regulatory and Technical Documentation], http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901813799 (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  17. 17.

    Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 23 aprelya 1996 goda N 601 “O Federal’noj celevoj programme ekonomicheskogo i social’nogo razvitiya Dal’nego Vostoka i Zabajkal’ya na 1996–2005 gody” [Presidential Executive Order of April 23, 1996 N 601 “On the Federal Target Program for Economic and Social Development of the Far East and Transbaikal for 1996–2005”], Konsorcium Kodeks. Elektronnyj fond pravovoj i normativno-technicheskoj dokumentacii [Consortium Codex. Electronic Collection of Legal, Regulatory and Technical Documentation], http://docs.cntd.ru/document/9019337 (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  18. 18.

    Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva Rossijskoj Federacii ot 19 marta 2002 goda N 169 “O federal’noj celevoj programme ‘Ekonomicheskoe i social’noe razvitie Dal’nego Vostoka i Zabajkal’ya na 1996–2005 i do 2010 goda’” (s izmeneniyami na 21 noyabrya 2007 goda) [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 19, 2002 N 169 “On the Federal Target Program ‘Economic and Social Development of the Far East and Transbaikal for 1996–2005 and up to 2010’” (amended November 21, 2007)], Konsorcium Kodeks. Elektronnyj fond pravovoj i normativno-technicheskoj dokumentacii [Consortium Codex. Electronic Collection of Legal, Regulatory and Technical Documentation], http://docs.cntd.ru/document/901813799 (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  19. 19.

    Ukaz Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii ot 13 maya 2000 goda N 849 “O polnomochnom predstavitele Prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii v federal’nom okruge” [Presidential Executive Order of May 13, 2000 N 849 “On the Plenipotentiary Representatives of the President of the Russian Federation in Federal Districts”], Rossiyskaya Gazeta, May 14, 2000, https://rg.ru/2000/05/14/okruga-dok-site-dok.html (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  20. 20.

    V.Ya. Gelman, “Institucional’noe stroitel’stvo i neformal’nye instituty v sovremennoj rossijskoj politike” [Institutional Construction and Informal Institutions in Modern Russian Politics], Polis. Political Studies, 2003, 4, pp. 6–25, https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2003.04.02.

  21. 21.

    M.V. Vilisov, “Kak (ne) rabotayut institucional’nye reformy v Rossii” [How Institutional Reforms (don’t) Work in Russia], Outlines of Global Transformations: Politics, Economics, Law, 2016, 9(3), pp. 75–89.

  22. 22.

    “Koncepciya dolgosrochnogo social’no-ehkonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2020 goda” [Framework Concept for Long-term Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation up to 2020], Pravitel’stvo Rossii [The Russian Government], http://government.ru/info/6217/ (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  23. 23.

    M.V. Vilisov, “Rol’ zakonodatel’stva o strategicheskom planirovanii v formirovanii gosudarstvennoj politiki” [The Role of Legislation on Strategic Planning in Public Policy], Vlast’, 2016, 24(6), pp. 5–14.

  24. 24.

    M.V. Vilisov, “Gosudarstvennaya politika: proektnyj podxod” [State policy: Project approach], Politicheskaya nauka [Political Science], 2016, Special issue, pp. 110–126.

  25. 25.

    Rasporyazhenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 30 sentyabrya 2018 g. N 2101-r “Ob utverzhdenii Kompleksnogo plana modernizacii i rasshireniya magistral’noj infrastruktury na period do 2024 goda” [Government Edict of the Russian Federation of September 30, 2018 N 2101-p “On approval of the Comprehensive Plan for Modernization and Expansion of the Trunk Infrastructure up to 2024”], Pravitel’stvo Rossii [The Russian Government], http://government.ru/docs/34297/ (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  26. 26.

    “Kompleksnyj plan modernizacii i rasshireniya magistral’noj infrastruktury na period do 2024 goda” [The Comprehensive Plan for Modernization and Expansion of the Trunk Infrastructure up to 2024], Pravitel’stvo Rossii [The Russian Government], http://static.government.ru/media/files/mMrrbr3q9P6cGfWP3WxSmf7lCvAhrLob.pdf (Accessed 26 July 2019).

  27. 27.

    “Osnovy gosudarstvennoj politiki Rossijskoj Federacii v Arktike na period do 2020 goda i dal’nejshuyu perspektivu” [Basic Principles of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic up to 2020 and Beyond], Rossiyskaya Gazeta, March 27, 2009, https://rg.ru/2009/03/30/arktika-osnovy-dok.html (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  28. 28.

    “O Strategii razvitiya Arkticheskoj zony Rossijskoj Federacii i obespecheniya nacional’noj bezopasnosti na period do 2020 goda” [On the Development and Security Strategy for the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation up to 2020], Pravitel’stvo Rossii [The Russian Government], http://government.ru/info/18360/ (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  29. 29.

    Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva Rossijskoj Federacii ot 21 aprelya 2014 goda N 366 g. Moskva “Ob utverzhdenii gosudarstvennoj programmy Rossijskoj Federacii ‘Social’no-ehkonomicheskoe razvitie Arkticheskoj zony Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2020 goda’” [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 21, 2014 N 366 Moscow “On Approval of the State Program of the Russian Federation ‘Social and Economic Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation up to 2020’”], Rossiyskaya Gazeta, April 24, 2014, https://rg.ru/2014/04/24/arktika-site-dok.html (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  30. 30.

    V.I. Pavlenko, “Arkticheskaya zona Rossijskoj Federacii v sisteme obespecheniya nacional’nykh interesov strany” [Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in the System of National Interests of the Country], Arctic: Ecology and Economy, 2013, 4(12), pp. 16–25.

  31. 31.

    Ibid., p. 17.

  32. 32.

    Ibid., p. 16.

  33. 33.

    About the Project, Yamal LNG, http://yamallng.ru/en/project/about/ (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  34. 34.

    “Doxody rossijskix kompanij ot ehksporta SPG za dva mesyaca vyrosli do $1,4 mlrd” [The Revenues of Russian Companies from LNG Exports Rose to $1.4 billion in Two Months], TASS, April 8, 2019, https://tass.ru/ekonomika/6306084 (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  35. 35.

    Ibid.

  36. 36.

    “Ob investicionnom proekte stroitel’stva morskogo peregruzochnogo kompleksa szhizhennogo prirodnogo gaza v Murmanskoj oblasti” [On the Investment Project of an LNG Marine Transshipment Complex Construction in the Murmansk Region], Pravitel’stvo Rossii [The Russian Government], http://government.ru/docs/36542/ (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  37. 37.

    V. Petlevoy, E. Bazanova, and F. Sterkin, “‘Rosneft’ prosit krupnye nalogovye l’goty na Arktiku” [Rosneft Requests Major Tax Rebates for the Arctic], Vedomosti, July 9, 2019, https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2019/07/09/806216-rosneft-snova-prosit-krupnih-nalogovih-lgot (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  38. 38.

    M.N. Grigoryev, “Razvitie arkticheskogo gruzopotoka” [Development of Arctic Cargo Traffic], The Arctic Herald, 2017, 3(22), pp. 14–23.

  39. 39.

    B. Heifetz, “Severnyj morskoj put’—novyj tranzitnyj marshrut ‘Odnogo poyasa—odnogo puti’” [The Northern Sea Route—A New Transit Route of “One Belt—One Road”], The International Affairs, 2018, 7, pp. 68–87, https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/2047 (Accessed July 26, 2019); V.A. Kryukov, “Odin put’—odin khozyain? Nuzhen li edinyj operator Severnogo morskogo puti” [One Route—One Owner? Is Unified Operator for the Northern Sea Route Needed?], ECO, 2016, 46(5), pp. 5–17.

  40. 40.

    A.A. Todorov, “Mezhdunarodnyj tranzitnyj potencial Severnogo morskogo puti: ehkonomicheskij i pravovoj aspekty” [The Northeast Passage’s Potential Capacity for International Shipping: The Economic and Legal Aspects], National Strategy Issues, 2017, 3(42), pp. 149–171.

  41. 41.

    V.I. Kuvatov, D.V. Kozmovsky, and N.V. Shatalova, “Potencial Severnogo morskogo puti Arkticheskoj zony Rossii. Faktory i strategiya razvitiya” [Potential of the Northern Sea Route of the Arctic Zone of Russia. Factors and Development Strategy], Naukovedenie, 2014, 6(25), http://naukovedenie.ru/PDF/20TVN614.pdf (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  42. 42.

    M.N. Grigoryev, “Mezhdunarodnoe sotrudnichestvo v morskix perevozkax rossijskix arkticheskix mineral’nykh resursov” [International Cooperation in Shipping Russian Arctic Mineral Resources], The Arctic Herald, 2017, 1(20), pp. 52–59.

  43. 43.

    Federal’nyj zakon ot 27.12.2018 N 525-FZ “O vnesenii izmenenij v otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty Rossijskoj Federacii” (poslednyaya redakciya) [Federal Law of December 27, 2018 N 525-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” (latest revision)], ConsultantPlus, http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_314658/ (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  44. 44.

    F. Hill and C.G. Gaddy, The Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold, (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2003).

  45. 45.

    A. Toporkov, “‘Novatek’ poprosil partnerov dosrochno predostavit’ dopolnitel’nye tankery” [‘Novatek’ Asks Partners to Provide Additional Tankers Ahead of Time], Vedomosti, August 8, 2018, https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2018/08/08/777629-novatek-dopolnitelnie-tankeri (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  46. 46.

    Y.V. Morozov, “Strategiya vedushhikh gosudarstv mira v Arktike v XXI veke i vyzovy nacional’nym interesam Rossii v regione” [Strategy of the Leading Countries in the World in Arctic in the XXI Century and Challenges of National Interests of Russia in the Region], National Interests: Priorities and Security, 2013, 9(45), pp. 37–52.

  47. 47.

    P.A. Minakir and O.M. Prokapalo, “Rossijskij Dal’nij Vostok: ekonomicheskie fobii i geopoliticheskie ambicii” [Russian Far East: Economic Phobias and Geopolitical Ambitions], ECO, 2017, 47(4), p. 15.

  48. 48.

    “Ezhemesyachnyj informacionnyj dajdzhest “Ekonomicheskoe razvitie Dal’nego Vostoka”. 1 fevralya—6 marta 2018 goda” [Monthly Informational Digest “Economic Development of the Far East”. February 1–March 6, 2018], Eastern Economic Forum, https://forumvostok.ru/news/digests2/2018-2/Восточный экономический форум_дайджест_02_2018.pdf (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  49. 49.

    “Dal’nij Vostok vyshel v lidery po privlecheniyu investicij” [The Far East Has Become a Leader in Attracting Investments], Siberian Science News, May 24, 2018, http://www.sib-science.info/ru/news/investitsionnyy-23052018 (Accessed July 26, 2019).

  50. 50.

    V.V. Putin. “Vstupitel’noe slovo na soveshhanii ‘O perspektivakh razvitiya Dal’nego Vostoka i Zabajkal’ya’” [V.V. Putin. Opening Remarks at the ‘Development Prospects of the Far East and Transbaikal’ Meeting], Prezident Rossii [President of Russia], July 21, 2000, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/21494 (Accessed July 26, 2019).

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  1. Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University), Moscow, Russia

    Alexander Lukin

  2. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

    Alexander Lukin

  3. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    Maxim Vilisov

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  1. Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University), Moscow, Russia

    Alexander Lukin

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Lukin, A., Vilisov, M. (2020). Vectors of Development for Asiatic Russia. In: Lukin, A. (eds) The “Roads” and “Belts” of Eurasia. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0856-1_8

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