Belt and Road Initiative: Evolution of China’s Approach

Denisov, Igor

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0856-1_1

Igor Denisov²

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Abstract

References to the “Silk Road” as a symbol of harmonious interstate relations, communication between civilizations, and mutual enrichment across cultures are not new to the Chinese foreign policy discourse. A number of official documents and foreign policy propaganda statements made use of the image of ancient caravan routes even before Xi Jinping became the supreme leader of party and state.

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Notes

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4.
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5.
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7.
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8.
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9.
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10.
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11.
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12.
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13.
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14.
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15.
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16.
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17.
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18.
Ibid.
19.
Ibid.
20.
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21.
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22.
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23.
Zhang Zuqun, ibid.
24.
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25.
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26.
Zhang Junli, “‘Yi dai yi lu’ beijing xia neilu kaifang xing jingji zhidu chuangxin” [The Innovation of the Internal Regions’ Economic System of Openness in the Context of the Implementation of the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative], Renmin Luntan, 2015(35), pp. 68–70.
27.
Su Ge, “Quanqiu shiye zhi ‘yi dai yi lu’” [‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative from a Global Perspective], Guoji Wenti Yanjiu, 2016(1), pp. 1–13.
28.
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29.
Zhao Kejin, “‘Yi dai yi lu’ de zhongguo fanglüe yanjiu” [The Chinese Plan for the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative], Xinjiang Shifan Daxue Xuebao, 2016(1), pp. 22–32.
30.
Zhang Xin, “‘Yi dai yi lu’ genben butong yu maxieer jihua” [‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative Differs Fundamentally from the Marshall Plan], Renmin Ribao, March 18, 2015; Cheng Zihao, “Qincheng huirong, gongtong fazhan: ‘yi dai yi lu’ changyi yu maxieer jihua de chayixing fenxi” [Goodwill, Sincerity, Mutual Benefit, Inclusiveness, Common Development. An Analysis of the Differences between the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative and the Marshall Plan], Zhongwai Qiyejia, 2016(15), pp. 261–262; Jin Ling, “‘Yi dai yi lu’: zhongguo de maxieer jihua?” [The ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative: Is It a Chinese Marshall Plan?], Guoji Wenti Yanjiu, 2015(1), pp. 88–99.
31.
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32.
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33.
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34.
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35.
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36.
Shi Ying and He Aiping, “Sichou zhi lu jingji dai de nengyuan hezuo yu huanjing fengxian yingdui” [Energy Cooperation within the Framework of the Silk Road Economic Belt and Measures for Responding to Environmental Risks], Gaige, 2015(2), pp. 115–123.
37.
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38.
Li Lin, “‘Yi dai yi lu’ de yisilan yinsu yu xinxing guojia anquan zhanlüe” [The Islamic Factor in the Implementation of the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative and the New State Security Strategy], Zhongguo Musilin, 2015(6), pp. 22–23.
39.
Ding Xingan, “‘Yi dai yi lu’ jianshe zhong haiwai liyi fengxian ji qi fangkong” [Control and Prevention of Foreign Risks in the Construction of ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative], Bingtuan Dangxiao Xuebao, 2016(1), pp. 70–73.
40.
Zhou Ping, “‘Yi dai yi lu’ mianlin de diyuan zhengzhi fengxian ji qi guan kong” [Geopolitical Risks Facing the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative and Efforts to Control Them], Tansuo Yu Zhengming, 2016(1), pp. 83–86.
41.
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42.
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43.
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47.
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49.
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50.
Ibid.
51.
Ibid.
52.
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53.
“Vision and Actions”, ibid.
54.
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55.
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56.
“Xi Jinping zhuchi zhaokai zhongyang caijing lingdao xiaozu di ba ci huiyi qiangdiao jiakuai tuijin sichou zhi lu jingji dai he er shi yi shiji haishang si chou zhi lu jianshe” [Xi Jinping Led the Work of the Eighth Meeting of the Central Steering Group on Financial and Economic Affairs, Emphasizing the Need to Accelerate Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road], Renmin Ribao, November 7, 2014.
57.
“Zhang Gaoli chuxi yaou hulian hutong chanye duihuahui kaimu shi” [Zhang Gaoli Attends Opening Ceremony of ASEM Industry Dialogue on Connectivity], Renmin Ribao, May 28, 2015.
58.
“Xi Jinping zhuchi zhaokai zhongyang caijing lingdao xiaozu di ba ci huiyi qiangdiao jiakuai tuijin sichou zhi lu jingji dai he er shi yi shiji haishang si chou zhi lu jianshe” [Xi Jinping Led the Work of the Eighth Meeting of the Central Steering Group on Financial and Economic Affairs, Emphasizing the Need to Accelerate Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road], Renmin Ribao, November 7, 2014.
59.
“Vision and Actions”, ibid.
60.
Ibid.
61.
Huang Rihan and Cong Peiying, “‘Yi dai yi lu’ kaituo zhongguo waijiao xin silu” [The ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative Opens the Door to New Ways of Thinking in Chinese Diplomacy], Shishi baogao, 2014(11), pp. 26–27.
62.
“Xi Jinping chuxi jinzhuan guojia lingdaoren huiwu bing fabiao zhongyao jianghua” [Xi Jinping Participated in a Meeting of BRICS Country Leaders and Delivered an Important Speech], Renmin Ribao, July 10, 2015.
63.
“Sovmestnoe zayavlenie Rossiiskoi Federatsii i Kitaiskoi Narodnoi Respubliki o sotrudnichestve po sopryazheniyu stroitel’stva Evraziiskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza i Ekonomicheskogo poyasa Shelkovogo puti (in Russian)” [Joint Statement of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China on Cooperation in Linking the Construction of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Silk Road Economic Belt], The official website of the President of Russia, May 8, 2015, http://kremlin.ru/supplement/4971 (Accessed July 28, 2019).
64.
“Vystuplenie posla KNR v RF Li Khueya v Moskovskom gosudarstvennom universitete putei soobshcheniya ob idee ‘odnogo poyasa i odnogo puti’ (in Russian)” [Speech on the Idea of the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative by Chinese Ambassador to Russia Li Hui at the Moscow State University of Railway Engineering], The website of the Chinese Embassy in Russia, February 14, 2015, http://en.china-embassy.org/eng/sghd/t1257073.htm (Accessed July 28, 2019).
65.
“Vision and Actions”, ibid.
66.
Allison Graham, “The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War?”, The Atlantic, September 24, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/09/united-states-china-war-thucydides-trap/406756 (Accessed July 28, 2019).
67.
Working Together to Forge a New Partnership of Win-win Cooperation and Create a Community of Shared Future for Mankind. Statement by H.E. Xi Jinping President of the People’s Republic of China at the General Debate of the 70th Session of the UN General Assembly, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People’s Republic of China, September 29, https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/t1305051.shtml (Accessed July 28, 2019).
68.
Jin Ling, ibid.
69.
Zhang Yunling, “‘Yi dai yi lu’ yao yingdui de san da tiaozhan” [Three Important Challenges for the ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative that Require a Response], Zhongguo Jingji Zhoukan, 2015(17), pp. 18–19.
70.
Yuan Xintao, ibid.
71.
Yang Siling, “‘Yi dai yi lu’ changyi xia zhongguo yu yanxian guojia guanxi zhili ji tiaozhan” [China’s Relations with Countries Located along the Routes of the ‘One Belt, One Road’: Administration and Challenges], Nanya Yanjiu, 2015(2), pp. 15–34.
72.
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73.
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74.
Liu Qingjian and Fang Jincheng, ibid.
75.
Zou Lei, ibid.
76.
Wang Yiwei, “‘Yi dai yi lu’ jiyu yu tiaozhan” [‘One Belt, One Road’: Opportunities and Challenges], (Beijing: Renmim ribao chubanshe, 2015), pp. 111–116.
77.
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78.
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79.
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80.
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81.
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82.
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83.
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Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), Moscow, Russia
Igor Denisov

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Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University), Moscow, Russia
Alexander Lukin

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Denisov, I. (2020). Belt and Road Initiative: Evolution of China’s Approach. In: Lukin, A. (eds) The “Roads” and “Belts” of Eurasia. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0856-1_1

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0856-1_1
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