Abstract
The plants get exposed to different abiotic stresses and pathogen attack due to their sessile nature. These stresses result in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical (O2·−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen (ˡO2) etc. To overcome the effect of these ROS, different classes of antioxidants are involved in providing tolerance to plants. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) consists of one such major class of antioxidant proteins, which provide primary defense against different stress conditions. These are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, which carry out the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O ·−2 ) into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In plants, a total of three classes of SODs are reported i.e., Cu-ZnSODs, FeSODs, and MnSODs, which have cytoplasmic or apoplastic or nuclear, chloroplastic and mitochondrial subcellular localization, respectively. SODs are well known for their role in plant growth and development and in providing tolerance against biotic and abiotic stress conditions by combating oxidative stress. These enzymes are stable and active over a broad range of pH and temperature. Due to their astonishing enzymatic properties, they are widely used in industries for various purposes. In this chapter, we have focused on the myriad functions of SODs in response to biotic and abiotic stresses and their utilization in enhancing the stress tolerance in plants.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to Panjab University, Chandigarh, India for research facilities. ST is grateful Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India for financial support. We are also grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for partial financial support under the Promotion of University Research and Scientific Excellence (PURSE) grant scheme.
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Tyagi, S., Shumayla, Singh, S.P., Upadhyay, S.K. (2019). Role of Superoxide Dismutases (SODs) in Stress Tolerance in Plants. In: Singh, S., Upadhyay, S., Pandey, A., Kumar, S. (eds) Molecular Approaches in Plant Biology and Environmental Challenges. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0690-1_3
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