Skip to main content

Implementing IoT and Wireless Sensor Networks for Precision Agriculture

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Internet of Things and Analytics for Agriculture, Volume 2

Part of the book series: Studies in Big Data ((SBD,volume 67))

Abstract

The burgeoning effects of climate change to the agricultural systems have resulted in reduced agricultural productivity. These extreme weather events, changes, and increased in temperatures and precipitation patterns can be countervailed by deploying precision farming technologies in this milieu of a cyber-physical system. Among the precision farming technologies is the application of Internet of things (IoT) devices and sensors in farming management by observation, measurement, response, and monitoring of the food and horticulture crops inter- and intra-field variability. This chapter presents the rudimentary and recent advances in Agriculture 4.0. This chapter also afforded the deployment of an Internet of things (IoT)-based precision agriculture technology using wireless sensor networks (WSN) in crop management. An online crop management system (OCMS) was developed to complement the IoT platform layer. The application aimed at providing the farm environmental conditions including the temperature, water level, pH value, and dissolved oxygen measurements from the paddy field with food crops and horticulture crops being grown. Further studies could be done by analyzing the inter- and intra-field variabilities such as soil herbicide weed control, side dressing, late blight control, and haulm killing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Matsuyama, K.: Agricultural productivity, comparative advantage, and economic growth. J. Econ. Theor. 58(2), 317–334 (1992)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Kenessey, Z.: The primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors of the economy. Rev. Income Wealth 33(4), 359–385 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Alexandratos, N.: World food and agriculture: outlook for the medium and longer term. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96(11), 5908–5914 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Teixeira, E.I., Fischer, G., Van Velthuizen, H., Walter, C., Ewert, F.: Global hot-spots of heat stress on agricultural crops due to climate change. Agric. For. Meteorol. 170, 206–215 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Matson, P.A., Parton, W.J., Power, A.G., Swift, M.J.: Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science 277(5325), 504–509 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rhoades, J.D., Loveday, J.: Salinity in irrigated agriculture. Agronomy 30, 1089–1142 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hallmann, J., Quadt-Hallmann, A., Mahaffee, W.F., Kloepper, J.W.: Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops. Can. J. Microbiol. 43(10), 895–914 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Teasdale, J.R.: Contribution of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agricultural systems. J. Prod. Agric. 9(4), 475–479 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bruinsma, J.: World agriculture: towards 2015/2030: an FAO study. Routledge (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Adams, R.M., Hurd, B.H., Lenhart, S., Leary, N.: Effects of global climate change on agriculture: an interpretative review. Climate Res. 11(1), 19–30 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Rosenzweig, C., Parry, M.L.: Potential impact of climate change on world food supply. Nature 367(6459), 133 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Adams, R.M., Rosenzweig, C., Peart, R.M., Ritchie, J.T., McCarl, B.A., Glyer, J.D., Allen Jr., L.H.: Global climate change and US agriculture. Nature 345(6272), 219 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Velten, S., Leventon, J., Jager, N., Newig, J.: What is sustainable agriculture? A systematic review. Sustainability 7(6), 7833–7865 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Francis, C., Lieblein, G., Gliessman, S., Breland, T.A., Creamer, N., Harwood, R., Wiedenhoeft, M.: Agroecology: the ecology of food systems. J. Sustain. Agric. 22(3), 99–118 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wezel, A., Bellon, S., Doré, T., Francis, C., Vallod, D., David, C.: Agroecology as a science, a movement and a practice. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 29(4), 503–515 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. De Schutter, O. Agroecology and the Right to Food. Report presented at the 16th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council [A/HRC/16/49], vol. 8 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pretty, J.N.: Participatory learning for sustainable agriculture. World Dev. 23(8), 1247–1263 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Frank, A.L., McKnight, R., Kirkhorn, S.R., Gunderson, P.: Issues of agricultural safety and health. Annu. Rev. Public Health 25, 225–245 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. About Water. Retrieved from https://www.unenvironment.org/explore-topics/water/about-water

  20. Pimentel, D., Berger, B., Filiberto, D., Newton, M., Wolfe, B., Karabinakis, E., Nandagopal, S.: Water resources: agricultural and environmental issues. Bioscience 54(10), 909–918 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Shoemaker, R.A., Harwood, J.L., Day-Rubenstein, K.A., Dunahay, T., Heisey, P.W., Hoffman, L.A., Klotz-Ingram, C., Lin, W.W., Mitchell, L., McBride W.D., Fernandez-Cornejo, J.: Economic Issues in Agricultural Biotechnology (No. 1474-2016-120826) (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dioxide, A.C.: Status and issues concerning agricultural emissions of greenhouse gases. Agric. Dimensions Glob. Clim. Change 229 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Fuhrer, J., Booker, F.: Ecological issues related to ozone: agricultural issues. Environ. Int. 29(2–3), 141–154 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Giller, K.E., Witter, E., Corbeels, M., Tittonell, P.: Conservation agriculture and smallholder farming in Africa: the heretics’ view. Field Crops research 114(1), 23–34 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hobbs, P.R., Sayre, K., Gupta, R.: The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 363(1491), 543–555 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Tscharntke, T., Clough, Y., Wanger, T.C., Jackson, L., Motzke, I., Perfecto, I., Vandermeer, J., Whitbread, A.: Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification. Biol. Conserv. 151(1) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Pretty, J.N., Noble, A.D., Bossio, D., Dixon, J., Hine, R.E., Penning de Vries, F.W., Morison, J.I.: Resource-Conserving Agriculture Increases Yields in Developing Countries (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Bennett, A.F., Radford, J.Q., Haslem, A.: Properties of land mosaics: implications for nature conservation in agricultural environments. Biol. Cons. 133(2), 250–264 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell, B.M., Baedeker, T., Braimoh, A., Bwalya, M., Hottle, R.: Climate-smart agriculture for food security. Nat. Clim. Change 4(12), 1068 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Campbell, B.M., Thornton, P., Zougmoré, R., Van Asten, P., Lipper, L.: Sustainable intensification: what is its role in climate smart agriculture? Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 8, 39–43 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Neufeldt, H., Jahn, M., Campbell, B.M., Beddington, J.R., DeClerck, F., De Pinto, A., LeZaks, D.: Beyond climate-smart agriculture: toward safe operating spaces for global food systems. Agric. Food Secur. 2(1), 12 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Harvey, C.A., Chacón, M., Donatti, C.I., Garen, E., Hannah, L., Andrade, A., Clement, C.: Climate-smart landscapes: opportunities and challenges for integrating adaptation and mitigation in tropical agriculture. Conserv. Lett. 7(2), 77–90 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Steenwerth, K.L., Hodson, A.K., Bloom, A.J., Carter, M.R., Cattaneo, A., Chartres, C.J., Jenkins, B.M.: Climate-smart agriculture global research agenda: scientific basis for action. Agric. Food Secur. 3(1), 11 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Rosset, P.M., Martínez-Torres, M.E.: Rural social movements and agroecology: context, theory, and process. Ecol. Soc. 17(3) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Altieri, M.A.: Agroecology: principles and strategies for designing sustainable farming systems. Agroecology in Action (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Altieri, M.A.: Agroecology: The Scientific Basis of Alternative Agriculture (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  37. De Schutter, O.: Agroecology and the right to food. Report Presented at the 16th Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council [A/HRC/16/49], p. 8 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Robert, P.C.: Precision agriculture: a challenge for crop nutrition management. In Progress in Plant Nutrition: Plenary Lectures of the XIV International Plant Nutrition Colloquium, pp. 143–149. Springer, Dordrecht (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Gebbers, R., Adamchuk, V.I.: Precision agriculture and food security. Science 327(5967), 828–831 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Stafford, J.V.: Implementing precision agriculture in the 21st century. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 76(3), 267–275 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Pierce, F.J., Nowak, P.: Aspects of precision agriculture. Adv. Agron. 67, 1–85. Academic Press (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Adamchuk, V.I., Hummel, J.W., Morgan, M.T., Upadhyaya, S.K.: On-the-go soil sensors for precision agriculture. Comput. Electron. Agric. 44(1), 71–91 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Haboudane, D., Miller, J.R., Tremblay, N., Zarco-Tejada, P.J., Dextraze, L.: Integrated narrow-band vegetation indices for prediction of crop chlorophyll content for application to precision agriculture. Remote Sens. Environ. 81(2–3), 416–426 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Mulla, D.J.: Twenty five years of remote sensing in precision agriculture: key advances and remaining knowledge gaps. Biosys. Eng. 114(4), 358–371 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Basso, B., Ritchie, J.T., Pierce, F.J., Braga, R.P., Jones, J.W.: Spatial validation of crop models for precision agriculture. Agric. Syst. 68(2), 97–112 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Lamb, D.W., Brown, R.B.: Pa—precision agriculture: remote-sensing and mapping of weeds in crops. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 78(2), 117–125 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Schellberg, J., Hill, M.J., Gerhards, R., Rothmund, M., Braun, M.: Precision agriculture on grassland: applications, perspectives and constraints. Eur. J. Agron. 29(2–3), 59–71 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Dombrowski, U., Wagner, T.: Mental strain as field of action in the 4th industrial revolution. Procedia Cirp 17, 100–105 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Abramovici, M., Göbel, J.C., Neges, M.: Smart engineering as enabler for the 4th industrial revolution. In: Integrated Systems: Innovations and Applications, pp. 163–170. Springer, Cham (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Falkenthal, M., Breitenbücher, U., Képes, K., Leymann, F., Zimmermann, M., Christ, M., Kempa-Liehr, A.W.: Opentosca for the 4th industrial revolution: automating the provisioning of analytics tools based on apache flink. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Internet of Things, pp. 179–180. ACM (2016, November)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Dasig, Jr, D.: User experience of embedded system students on Arduino and field programmable gate array (FPGA). In: Proceeding of the Second International Conference on Advances in Applied Science and Environmental Engineering-ASEE, pp. 124–128 (2014, February)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Yahya, N.: Agricultural 4.0: its implementation toward future sustainability. In: Green Urea, pp. 125–145. Springer, Singapore (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Weltzien, C.: Digital agriculture or why agriculture 4.0 still offers only modest returns. Landtechnik 71(2), 66–68 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Hoogenboom, G., Jones, J.W., Wilkens, P.W., Porter, C.H., Batchelor, W.D., Hunt, L.A., Boote, K.J., Singh, U., Uryasev, O., Gijsman, A. J.: Decision support system for agrotechnology transfer version 4.0. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (CD-ROM) (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Falkenthal, M., Breitenbücher, U., Christ, M., Endres, C., Kempa-Liehr, A. W., Leymann, F., Zimmermann, M.: Towards function and data shipping in manufacturing environments: how cloud technologies leverage the 4th industrial revolution. In: Proceedings of the 10th Advanced Summer School on Service Oriented Computing, pp. 16–25 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Zysman, J.: The 4th service transformation: the algorithmic revolution. Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Corallo, A., Latino, M.E., Menegoli, M.: From industry 4.0 to agriculture 4.0: a framework to manage product data in agri-food supply chain for voluntary traceability. Int. J. Nutr. Food Eng. 12(5), 146–150 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Rose, D., Chilvers, J.: Agriculture 4.0: responsible innovation in an era of smart farming. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 2, 87 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  59. De Clercq, M., Vats, A., Biel, A.: Agriculture 4.0: The Future of Farming technology. In: Proceedings of the World Government Summit, Dubai, UAE, pp. 11–13 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Kortuem, G., Kawsar, F., Sundramoorthy, V., Fitton, D.: Smart objects as building blocks for the internet of things. IEEE Internet Comput. 14(1), 44–51 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Li, S., Da Xu, L., Zhao, S.: The internet of things: a survey. Inf. Syst. Front. 17(2), 243–259 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Lee, I., Lee, K.: The Internet of Things (IoT): applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises. Bus. Horiz. 58(4), 431–440 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Xia, F., Yang, L.T., Wang, L., Vinel, A.: Internet of things. Int. J. Commun Syst 25(9), 1101 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Meyer, S., Ruppen, A., Magerkurth, C.: Internet of things-aware process modeling: integrating IoT devices as business process resources. In: International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, pp. 84–98. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013, June)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Wurm, J., Hoang, K., Arias, O., Sadeghi, A.R., Jin, Y.: Security analysis on consumer and industrial IoT devices. In: 2016 21st Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), pp. 519–524. IEEE (2016, January)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., Zorzi, M.: Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things J. 1(1), 22–32 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Da Xu, L., He, W., Li, S.: Internet of things in industries: a survey. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inf. 10(4), 2233–2243 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., De Pellegrini, F., Chlamtac, I.: Internet of things: vision, applications and research challenges. Ad Hoc Netw. 10(7), 1497–1516 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Stankovic, J.A.: Research directions for the internet of things. IEEE Internet of Things J. 1(1), 3–9 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  70. Ronen, E., Shamir, A.: Extended functionality attacks on IoT devices: The case of smart lights. In: 2016 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P), pp. 3–12. IEEE (2016, March)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Blaauw, D., Sylvester, D., Dutta, P., Lee, Y., Lee, I., Bang, S., Kim, Y., Kim, G., Pannuto, P., Kuo, Y.-S., Yoon, D., Jung, W., Foo, Z., Chen, Y.-P., Oh, S., Jeong, S., Choi, M.: IoT design space challenges: Circuits and systems. In: 2014 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI-Technology): Digest of Technical Papers, pp. 1–2. IEEE (2014, June)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Biswas, A.R., Giaffreda, R.: IoT and cloud convergence: opportunities and challenges. In: 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), pp. 375–376). IEEE (2014, March)

    Google Scholar 

  73. Tewari, A., Gupta, B.B.: Cryptanalysis of a novel ultra-lightweight mutual authentication protocol for IoT devices using RFID tags. J. Supercomputing 73(3), 1085–1102 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Zhu, Q., Wang, R., Chen, Q., Liu, Y., Qin, W.: Iot gateway: Bridgingwireless sensor networks into internet of things. In: 2010 IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 347–352. IEEE (2010, December)

    Google Scholar 

  75. Datta, S.K., Bonnet, C., Nikaein, N.: An IoT gateway centric architecture to provide novel M2M services. In: 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), pp. 514–519. IEEE (2014, March)

    Google Scholar 

  76. Dan, L.I.U., Xin, C., Chongwei, H., Liangliang, J.: Intelligent agriculture greenhouse environment monitoring system based on IOT technology. In: 2015 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data and Smart City, pp. 487–490. IEEE (2015, December)

    Google Scholar 

  77. Guoqiang, S., Yanming, C., Chao, Z., Yanxu, Z.: Design and implementation of a smart IoT gateway. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications and IEEE Internet of Things and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, pp. 720–723. IEEE (2013, August)

    Google Scholar 

  78. Vasisht, D., Kapetanovic, Z., Won, J., Jin, X., Chandra, R., Kapoor, A., Sinha, S., Sudarshan, M., Stratman, S.: FarmBeats: an IoT platform for data-driven agriculture. In: 14th {USENIX} Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation ({NSDI} 17), pp. 515–529 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Bröring, A., Schmid, S., Schindhelm, C.K., Khelil, A., Käbisch, S., Kramer, D., Teniente, E.: Enabling IoT ecosystems through platform interoperability. IEEE Softw. 34(1), 54–61 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Lea, R., Blackstock, M.: City hub: a cloud-based IoT platform for smart cities. In: 2014 IEEE 6th International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, pp. 799–804. IEEE (2014, December)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Huh, S., Cho, S., Kim, S.: Managing IoT devices using blockchain platform. In: 2017 19th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), pp. 464–467. IEEE (2017, February)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Jayaraman, P.P., Palmer, D., Zaslavsky, A., Georgakopoulos, D.: Do-it-yourself digital agriculture applications with semantically enhanced IoT platform. In: 2015 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2015, April)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Yick, J., Mukherjee, B., Ghosal, D.: Wireless sensor network survey. Comput. Netw. 52(12), 2292–2330 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Akyildiz, I.F., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., Cayirci, E.: Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Comput. Netw. 38(4), 393–422 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Mao, G., Fidan, B., Anderson, B.D.: Wireless sensor network localization techniques. Comput. Netw. 51(10), 2529–2553 (2007)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  86. Al-Karaki, J.N., Kamal, A.E.: Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 11(6), 6–28 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Van Dam, T., Langendoen, K.: An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, pp. 171–180. ACM (2003, November)

    Google Scholar 

  88. Xiangning, F., Yulin, S.: Improvement on LEACH protocol of wireless sensor network. In: 2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM 2007), pp. 260–264. IEEE (2007, October)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Doherty, L., El Ghaoui, L.: Convex position estimation in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No. 01CH37213), vol. 3, pp. 1655–1663. IEEE (2001, April)

    Google Scholar 

  90. Ye, W., Heidemann, J., Estrin, D.: Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. (ToN) 12(3), 493–506 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Beckwith, R., Teibel, D., Bowen, P.: Report from the field: results from an agricultural wireless sensor network. In: 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks, pp. 471–478. IEEE (2004, November)

    Google Scholar 

  92. Garcia-Sanchez, A.J., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Garcia-Haro, J.: Wireless sensor network deployment for integrating video-surveillance and data-monitoring in precision agriculture over distributed crops. Comput. Electron. Agric. 75(2), 288–303 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Wark, T., Corke, P., Sikka, P., Klingbeil, L., Guo, Y., Crossman, C., Bishop-Hurley, G.: Transforming agriculture through pervasive wireless sensor networks. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 6(2), 50–57 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Keshtgari, M., Deljoo, A.: A wireless sensor network solution for precision agriculture based on zigbee technology (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  95. Van Bodegom, P.M., Stams, A.J.M.: Effects of alternative electron acceptors and temperature on methanogenesis in rice paddy soils. Chemosphere 39(2), 167–182 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Watanabe, H., Takagi, K., Vu, S.H.: Simulation of mefenacet concentrations in paddy fields by an improved PCPF-1 model. Pest Manag. Sci. Formerly Pestic. Sci. 62(1), 20–29 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. D. Dasig Jr. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dasig, D.D. (2020). Implementing IoT and Wireless Sensor Networks for Precision Agriculture. In: Pattnaik, P., Kumar, R., Pal, S. (eds) Internet of Things and Analytics for Agriculture, Volume 2. Studies in Big Data, vol 67. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0663-5_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics