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Autophagy in Development and Differentiation

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Book cover Autophagy: Biology and Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1206))

Abstract

Autophagy is crucial in the differentiation and development of both mammals and invertebrates, as a rapid response to environmental and hormonal stimuli. Autophagy is also important for intracellular renewal, maintaining the health of terminally differentiated cells. Studies of Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and other species revealed abnormal autophagy lead to developmental and differential abnormality, including those in salivary glands and midgut development, protein aggregation, removal of apoptotic cell corpses, and development of dauer and synapse. Autophagy also participates in the development of mammalian embryos before implantation into the uterus, adaption to the nascent hunger environment, blood cells production, and cell differentiation in adipogenesis. Autophagy found in various stem cells, like hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells (NSCs), is tightly associated with their self-renewal, directed differentiation, and senescence.

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Abbreviations

3-MA:

3-methyladenine

Ambra1:

Activating molecule in Beclin-1-regulated autophagy

AMPK:

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase

ATG:

Autophagy-associated gene

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CAV:

Caveolin-1

CDK:

Cycling-dependent kinase

CMA:

Chaperone-mediated autophagy

CR:

Calorie restriction

CSC:

Cancer stem cell

DCIS:

Ductal carcinoma in situ

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DP110:

Crosophila PI3K 110 subunit

EMT:

Epithelial mesenchymal transition

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

GABARAP:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein

GFER:

Growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

GTP:

Guanosine triphosphate

HDAC:

Histone deacetylase

HSCs:

Hematopoietic stem cells

LC3:

Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3

LIF:

Leukemia inhibitory factor

LT-HSC:

Long-term stem cell

MDS:

Myelodysplastic syndrome

MEF:

Mouse embryonic fibroblast

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

MOs:

Membranous organelles

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

MSCs:

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

mtDNA:

Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NAC:

N-acetyl cysteine

NADPH:

Reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NSCs:

Neural stem cells

PRMT:

Protein arginine methyltransferase

PS:

Phosphatidyl serine

Rab32:

Ras-related protein rab-32

RAS:

Rat sarcoma viral oncogene 

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SEAP-1:

Sekretiertealkalische phosphatase-1

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

TOR:

Target of rapamycin

TSCs:

Tumor stem cells

UCP:

Uncoupling protein

ULK1/2:

UNC-51-like kinase 1 and 2

UPS:

Ubiquitin-proteasome system

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China

    Yang-Xi Hu

  2. CAS Key Lab of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China

    Xiao-Shuai Han & Qing Jing

Authors
  1. Yang-Xi Hu
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  2. Xiao-Shuai Han
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  3. Qing Jing
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Correspondence to Qing Jing .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

    Zheng-Hong Qin

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Hu, YX., Han, XS., Jing, Q. (2019). Autophagy in Development and Differentiation. In: Qin, ZH. (eds) Autophagy: Biology and Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1206. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_22

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