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Autophagy: Biology and Diseases pp 41–65Cite as

Regulation of ATG and Autophagy Initiation

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1206))

Abstract

ATG is involved in multiple processes of autophagosome formation, including the initial phase of autophagy. The mammalian autophagy complex-ULK1 complex is composed of ULK1, FIP200, ATG13 and ATG101, and the yeast autophagy initiation complex-ATG1 complex is composed of ATG1, ATG13, ATG17, ATG29 and ATG31. After this complex is activated, it binds and phosphorylates ATG9 on the vesicles. Then PI3KC3-C1 (yeast: ATG34: ATG15: ATG6: ATG14 or mammal animal: ATG34: ATG15: BECN1: ATG14L) is recruited to the PAS. Further, ATG12-ATG5-ATG16 complex is localized on PAS (Yeast) or localized on the outer surface of the membrane (mammal) and makes binding of ATG8 (LC3) with PE to form ATG8-PE complex, promoting autophagic membrane elongation, closure and formation autophagosome and autophagosome lysosome.

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Abbreviations

GABARAP:

Γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein

GATE-16:

Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer

Golgi v-SNARE:

Golgi vesicle-associated N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PI:

Phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol

PI3P:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate

SNARE:

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor

MAP1LC3:

Microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3

NSF:

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, 44# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China

    Wen Li & Lining Zhang

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  1. Wen Li
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  2. Lining Zhang
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Correspondence to Lining Zhang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China

    Zheng-Hong Qin

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Li, W., Zhang, L. (2019). Regulation of ATG and Autophagy Initiation. In: Qin, ZH. (eds) Autophagy: Biology and Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1206. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_2

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